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  3. Currency : History and Current Situation : What is Currency ?
मुद्रा: इतिहास र वर्तमान परिस्थिति : मुद्रा के हो ?
Latest
1 min read
Published on September 7, 2024
NEPSE trading

मुद्रा: इतिहास र वर्तमान परिस्थिति : मुद्रा के हो ? Currency : History and Current Situation : What is Currency ?

मुद्रा के हो?

मुद्रा भनेको विनिमयको माध्यम हो, जसले वस्तु तथा सेवाको साटासाटमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। प्रारम्भमा वस्तु साटासाट (Barter System)को रुपमा सुरुवात भएको मुद्रा प्रणालीले मानव जीवनलाई सहज बनाउनका लागि सिक्का तथा कागजी नोटको विकास गर्यो। हाल डिजिटल मुद्रा र क्रिप्टोकरन्सीले यसको स्थान लिइरहेका छन्।

मुद्राको विकासक्रम

  1. सिक्का: प्रारम्भिक चरणमा बहुमूल्य धातुको सिक्का प्रचलनमा थियो।

  2. कागजी मुद्रा: १३ औँ शताब्दीतिर चीनमा Kublai Khan ले कागजी नोटको सुरुवात गरे, जसलाई राज्यको जमानत (Legal Tender)को रुपमा लिइन्थ्यो।

  3. प्लास्टिक मुद्रा: १९६६ तिर Visa तथा Master Card ले डेबिट/क्रेडिट कार्डको शुरुवात गरे। यसको कारणले गर्दा बैंक नोटको तुलनामा यो सुरक्षित र सजिलो बन्यो।

  4. डिजिटल मुद्रा: डिजिटल मुद्राले भौतिक मुद्रा प्रयोगलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्दै आएको छ, जसमा E-Money को प्रयोग Internet मार्फत हुन्छ। यसलाई केन्द्रीय बैंक वा मुद्रा प्राधिकरणले मान्यता दिनुपर्छ।

डिजिटल र क्रिप्टो मुद्रा

  • डिजिटल मुद्रा: केन्द्रीय बैंक वा मुद्रा प्राधिकरणको नियन्त्रणमा रहने इलेक्ट्रोनिक मुद्रा हो।

  • क्रिप्टो मुद्रा: यो एक किसिमको डिजिटल मुद्रा हो, जुन क्रिप्टोग्राफीद्वारा सुरक्षित हुन्छ र Blockchain को प्रयोगबाट कारोबार गरिन्छ।

केन्द्रीय बैंक डिजिटल मुद्रा (CBDC)

  • CBDC: केन्द्रीय बैंकद्वारा जारी डिजिटल मुद्रा हो, जुन Blockchain मा आधारित हुन्छ। यसमा सरकारी मान्यता हुन्छ र औपचारिक रूपले कारोबार गर्न सकिन्छ।

  • फाइदा: प्राविधिक दक्षता, जोखिमको कमी, गैरकानूनी गतिविधिको रोकथाम, वित्तीय सुरक्षा।

  • बेफाइदा: बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा बाधा, केन्द्रीयकरण, आर्थिक विकासमा अवरोध।

मुद्रा प्रयोग शैलीमा परिवर्तन

अहिले मानिसहरू Physical Currency को सट्टा Digital Currency, Debit/Credit Card, र Mobile Wallet को प्रयोग गर्दैछन्। QR Code स्क्यान गरेर भुक्तानी गर्नाले समाज डिजिटलाइजेसनतिर उन्मुख भएको देखिन्छ।

निष्कर्ष

प्रविधि भनेको दुईधारको तरवार हो। यसलाई समयमै नियमन र नियन्त्रण गर्न सकिएमा अर्थतन्त्रलाई मजबुत राख्न सकिन्छ। छिमेकी मुलुकहरू जस्तै भारत र चीनले Digital Currency मा प्रवेश गरिसकेका छन्। नेपालले पनि यसलाई गम्भीरताका साथ नियमन र नियन्त्रण गर्नु आवश्यक छ ताकि Global Economy मा हिस्सेदारी बढाउन सकियोस्।

What is Currency?

Currency is a medium of exchange that plays a vital role in the trading of goods and services. Initially, the barter system was used for exchanges, but to make life more convenient, coin and paper money were developed. Today, digital currency and cryptocurrencies are increasingly taking their place.

Evolution of Currency

  • Coins: In the early stages, coins made of precious metals were in circulation.

  • Paper Money: In the 13th century, Kublai Khan introduced paper notes in China, which were considered as legal tender guaranteed by the state.

  • Plastic Currency: In 1966, Visa and MasterCard introduced debit/credit cards, making transactions safer and more convenient compared to banknotes.

  • Digital Currency: Digital currency has been replacing physical money, where e-money is used over the Internet and must be authorized by central banks or monetary authorities.

Digital and Crypto Currency

  • Digital Currency: Electronic money that is controlled by a central bank or monetary authority.

  • Cryptocurrency: A type of digital currency that is secured by cryptography and operates on blockchain technology.

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

  • CBDC: A digital currency issued by a central bank, based on blockchain technology, with government recognition for formal transactions.

  • Advantages: Technological efficiency, reduced risks, prevention of illegal activities, and financial security.

  • Disadvantages: Potential disruption to the banking system, centralization issues, and possible hindrance to economic growth.

Changing Trends in Currency Usage

People are increasingly using digital currencies, debit/credit cards, and mobile wallets instead of physical currency. The use of QR codes for payments indicates a shift towards digitalization in society.

Conclusion

Technology is a double-edged sword. If regulated and controlled in time, it can strengthen the economy. Neighboring countries like India and China have already adopted digital currency. Nepal should also take this seriously and regulate it effectively to increase its participation in the global economy.

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