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  1. News
  2. Education
  3. Definition and Importance of Banks
बैंकको परिभाषा र आवश्यकता
Education
1 min read
Published on August 30, 2024
Dipesh Ghimire

बैंकको परिभाषा र आवश्यकता Definition and Importance of Banks

बैंक एक वित्तीय संस्था हो जहाँ मानिसहरूले आफ्नो धनराशी जम्मा गर्ने र आवश्यक परेमा ऋणको रुपमा चल/अचल पूँजी निकाल्न सक्छन्। धनराशीको उचित सुरक्षा र ब्याज प्राप्त गर्नको लागि मानिसहरू बैंकमा आफ्नो पैसा राख्छन्। बैंकले ग्राहकलाई बचत, कर्जा, र अन्य वित्तीय सेवाहरू प्रदान गर्दछ।

किन आवश्यक छ बैंक?

  1. आर्थिक शोषणबाट जनतालाई मुक्ती दिलाउन।

  2. उद्योगधन्दा तथा व्यापारको विकास गर्न।

  3. आर्थिक विकासको गति बढाउन।

  4. बहुमूल्य वस्तु तथा धनको सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न।

  5. कोषको स्थानान्तरण गर्न सजिलो बनाउन।

  6. रोजगार तथा सीपमूलक व्यवसायको सृजना गर्न।

  7. बचत गर्ने बानीको विकास गर्न।

  8. अर्थव्यवस्थाको मौद्रिकीकरण गर्न।

  9. कृषि तथा पिछडिएको क्षेत्रको विकासमा टेवा पुर्‍याउन।

  10. आर्थिक सन्तुलन कायम गर्न।

  11. विदेशी मुद्रा विनिमय तथा नियन्त्रण गर्न।

  12. मुद्रा व्यवस्थापन, कर्जा नियन्त्रण, तथा मूल्य स्थिरता कायम गर्न।

बैंकको वर्गीकरण अनुसार काम, कर्तव्य, र अधिकारहरू:

“क” वर्गका बैंकहरू:

  • ब्याज वा बिना ब्याजमा निक्षेप स्वीकार र भुक्तानी गर्ने।

  • राष्ट्र बैंकले तोकेबमोजिम कर्जा दिने।

  • विदेशी विनिमय कारोबार गर्ने।

  • कर्जा प्रवाह, मर्चेन्ट बैंकिङ, जमानतपत्र जारी गर्ने, आदि।

  • क्रेडिट कार्ड, डेबिट कार्ड, एटीएम सेवा सञ्चालन गर्ने।

  • सरकारी कारोबार गर्न राष्ट्र बैंकको एजेण्टको रूपमा काम गर्ने।

“ख” वर्गका बैंकहरू:

  • ब्याज वा बिना ब्याजमा निक्षेप स्वीकार र भुक्तानी गर्ने।

  • हाइपोथिकेशन कर्जा बाहेक अन्य कर्जा दिने।

  • मर्चेन्ट बैंकिङ, एटीएम सेवा, विदेशी मुद्रा कारोबार गर्ने।

  • धितोमा आधारित कर्जा दिने, ग्राहकको वित्तीय सुरक्षा राख्ने।

“ग” वर्गका बैंकहरू:

  • ब्याज वा बिना ब्याजमा निक्षेप स्वीकार र भुक्तानी दिने।

  • मर्चेन्ट बैंकिङ कारोबार गर्ने, सहबित्तियकरणमा भाग लिने।

  • हाइपोथिकेशन बाहेक अन्य कर्जा दिने।

“घ” वर्गका बैंकहरू:

  • निक्षेप स्वीकार र भुक्तानी गर्ने।

  • साना उद्यमीहरूलाई लघु कर्जा दिने।

  • ऋण वा अनुदान लिने, लघुकर्जाको वितरण, निगरानी गर्ने।

बैंकले प्रदान गर्ने सेवाहरू:

  1. निक्षेप स्वीकार गर्ने।

  2. कर्जा प्रदान गर्ने।

  3. विदेशी मुद्रा विनिमय।

  4. सेफ्टी भल्ट र लकर सुविधा।

  5. बैंक अधिबिकर्ष (Overdraft)।

  6. विप्रेषण सेवा।

  7. बैंक जमानत र कार्यसम्पादन जमानत।

  8. व्यापारी बैंकिङ सुविधा।

  9. अभिकर्ता सेवा र वित्तीय परामर्श।

बैंकहरूको यी सेवाहरूले आर्थिक विकास, सुरक्षा, तथा समग्र वित्तीय स्थिरता कायम गर्न महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ।

A bank is a financial institution where people deposit their money and, when needed, withdraw it as loans in the form of movable or immovable capital. People keep their money in banks to ensure its security and earn interest. Banks provide savings, loans, and other financial services to customers.

Why Are Banks Necessary?

  • To free people from economic exploitation.

  • To promote industrial and commercial development.

  • To accelerate economic growth.

  • To provide security for valuable assets and wealth.

  • To facilitate the transfer of funds.

  • To create employment and skill-based businesses.

  • To promote the habit of saving.

  • To modernize the economy.

  • To support the development of agriculture and backward regions.

  • To maintain economic balance.

  • To regulate and control foreign currency exchange.

  • To manage currency, control credit, and maintain price stability.

Classification of Banks and Their Roles, Duties, and Authorities:

Class "A" Banks:

  • Accept deposits with or without interest and make payments.

  • Provide loans as prescribed by the central bank.

  • Conduct foreign exchange transactions.

  • Provide loans, merchant banking, issue guarantees, etc.

  • Operate credit cards, debit cards, and ATM services.

  • Act as an agent for the central bank in conducting government transactions.

Class "B" Banks:

  • Accept deposits with or without interest and make payments.

  • Provide loans except for hypothecation loans.

  • Offer merchant banking, ATM services, and foreign exchange transactions.

  • Provide loans based on collateral and ensure customer financial security.

Class "C" Banks:

  • Accept deposits with or without interest and make payments.

  • Engage in merchant banking transactions and participate in co-financing.

  • Provide loans except for hypothecation loans.

Class "D" Banks:

  • Accept deposits and make payments.

  • Provide microloans to small entrepreneurs.

  • Take loans or grants, distribute microloans, and monitor them.

Services Provided by Banks:

  • Accepting deposits.

  • Providing loans.

  • Foreign exchange transactions.

  • Safety vaults and locker facilities.

  • Bank overdrafts.

  • Remittance services.

  • Bank guarantees and performance guarantees.

  • Merchant banking facilities.

  • Agency services and financial consultancy.

These services play a crucial role in promoting economic development, security, and overall financial stability.

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