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  1. News
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  3. Introduction and Importance of the Capital Market: What is a Capital Market?
पुँजी बजारको परिचय र महत्व, पुँजी बजार भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ?
Education
1 min read
Published on October 4, 2024
NEPSE trading

पुँजी बजारको परिचय र महत्व, पुँजी बजार भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ?Introduction and Importance of the Capital Market: What is a Capital Market?

पुँजी बजार भन्नाले के बुझिन्छ?
पुँजी बजार भनेको विशेष गरी एक वर्षभन्दा बढी परिपक्व हुने वित्तीय साधनहरूको कारोबार हुने बजार हो। यो कुनै पनि देशको वित्तीय प्रणालीको महत्वपूर्ण अंग हो, जसले कृषि, उद्योग, व्यापार, तथा सरकारलाई दीर्घकालीन र मध्यकालीन पुँजी उपलब्ध गराउँछ। पुँजी बजार दुई किसिमको हुन्छ:

  • धितोपत्र बजार

  • गैर–धितोपत्र बजार

धितोपत्र बजार भनेको के हो?
धितोपत्र बजारलाई सामान्यतया पुँजी बजार भनिन्छ, तर धितोपत्र बजारको दायरा फराकिलो हुन्छ। यसमा दीर्घकालीन वित्तीय सम्पत्ति, जस्तै सेयर, बन्ड आदि, खरिद बिक्री गरिन्छ। यस बजारमा बिक्रेता र खरिदकर्तालाई एउटै प्लेटफर्ममा ल्याएर कारोबार गरिन्छ। धितोपत्र बजारलाई दुई भागमा वर्गीकरण गरिन्छ:

  • प्राथमिक बजार

  • दोस्रो बजार

गैर-धितोपत्र बजार भनेको के हो?
गैर-धितोपत्र बजार भनेको कुनै पनि संगठित संस्था वा कम्पनीलाई दीर्घकालीन तथा मध्यकालीन अवधिको पुँजी बैंक वा अन्य संस्थामार्फत उपलब्ध गराइन्छ, जसलाई नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डले नियमन गर्दैन।

धितोपत्र बजारको महत्व:
धितोपत्र बजारले दीर्घकालीन पुँजीको प्रभावकारी परिचालन गर्न, सरकारलाई आवश्यक पुँजी व्यवस्थापन गर्न, र देशको औद्योगिकीकरण तथा पूर्वाधार विकासमा सहयोग पुर्‍याउँछ। यसको प्रमुख महत्व यस प्रकार छन्:

  • दीर्घकालीन पुँजीको परिचालन

  • बचत परिचालन र लगानी वृद्धि

  • देशको औद्योगिक विकास र पूर्वाधार निर्माण

  • वित्तीय बजारको सन्तुलन र विकास

  • कम लागतमा पुँजीको व्यवस्थापन

आर्थिक विकासमा धितोपत्र बजारको भूमिका:
धितोपत्र बजारले पुँजी परिचालनको संयन्त्रको रुपमा कार्य गरी देशको आर्थिक विकासमा महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ। यसले दीर्घकालीन पुँजीलाई उत्पादनशील क्षेत्रमा परिचालन गरेर आर्थिक विकासलाई गति दिन्छ। यसको भूमिकालाई यसरी बुझ्न सकिन्छ:

  • दीर्घकालीन पुँजीको परिचालन

  • सरकारलाई आवश्यक पुँजी व्यवस्थापन

  • औद्योगिकीकरण र पूर्वाधार विकास

  • न्यून लागतमा पुँजी संकलन

  • वित्तीय बजारको सन्तुलित विकास

धितोपत्र बजारको यस प्रकारको प्रभावकारी भूमिकाले कुनै पनि देशको आर्थिक वृद्धि र वित्तीय सुदृढीकरणमा योगदान पुर्‍याउँछ।

The capital market is a market where long-term financial instruments, typically those maturing in more than a year, are traded. It is a crucial part of a country's financial system, providing long-term and medium-term capital to sectors like agriculture, industry, commerce, and government. The capital market is classified into two types:

  1. Securities Market

  2. Non-Securities Market

What is the Securities Market?

The securities market, often referred to as the capital market, has a broader scope. It involves the trading of long-term financial assets such as shares and bonds. This market brings sellers and buyers together on a single platform to conduct transactions. The securities market is divided into two main categories:

  1. Primary Market

  2. Secondary Market

What is the Non-Securities Market?

The non-securities market refers to the provision of long-term and medium-term capital to any organized institution or company through banks or other institutions. This type of market is not regulated by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON).

Importance of the Securities Market:

The securities market plays a vital role in the efficient operation of long-term capital, helping governments manage required capital and contributing to the industrialization and infrastructure development of a country. Its key importance includes:

  1. Efficient allocation of long-term capital

  2. Mobilization of savings and increased investment

  3. Industrial development and infrastructure construction

  4. Balanced and developed financial markets

  5. Capital management at low cost

Role of the Securities Market in Economic Development:

The securities market serves as a mechanism for capital allocation, playing a crucial role in the economic development of a country. By channeling long-term capital into productive sectors, it accelerates economic growth. The role of the securities market can be understood as follows:

  1. Efficient allocation of long-term capital

  2. Facilitating capital management for the government

  3. Promoting industrialization and infrastructure development

  4. Raising capital at a lower cost

  5. Balanced development of the financial market

This effective role of the securities market contributes significantly to the economic growth and financial strengthening of any country.

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