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  1. News
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  3. Liquidity Returns: Nepal’s Narrow Money Growth Back in Positive
गिरावटपछि सुधार: संकुचित मुद्राले देखायो सकारात्मक संकेत
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Published on May 11, 2025
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गिरावटपछि सुधार: संकुचित मुद्राले देखायो सकारात्मक संकेतLiquidity Returns: Nepal’s Narrow Money Growth Back in Positive

नेपालको संकुचित मुद्रा (M1) को वृद्धिदरले पछिल्ला केही वर्षहरूमा निकै अस्थिरता देखाएको छ। नेपालको वित्तीय क्षेत्रको गतिशीलता मापन गर्ने महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचकका रूपमा संकुचित मुद्रा (M1) को वृद्धिदरले देशको मौद्रिक नीतिको प्रभाव, नगद प्रवाह, र आम नागरिकको वित्तीय व्यवहारलाई प्रष्ट पार्ने गर्दछ।

वित्तीय वर्ष २०१९/२० मा संकुचित मुद्राको वृद्धि दर १७.८ प्रतिशत थियो। सो वर्षको तुलनामा २०२०/२१ मा वृद्धिदर झनै उच्च हुँदै २२.८ प्रतिशत पुग्यो, जुन मौद्रिक प्रवाहमा तीव्र बृद्धिको सङ्केत थियो। तर, त्यसपछि परिस्थिति बदलियो। २०२१/२२ मा M1 वृद्धिदर नकारात्मक हुँदै -९.३ प्रतिशतमा झर्‍यो। यो गिरावटले बजारमा तरलताको अभाव, नगद प्रवाहको सङ्कुचन तथा मौद्रिक नीतिमा कडाइको संकेत दिएको थियो।

यसपछि २०२२/२३ मा थोरै सुधार आए पनि वृद्धिदर केवल १.२ प्रतिशत मात्र रह्यो। तर सुधार स्थायी हुन सकेन, २०२३/२४ मा संकुचित मुद्रामा फेरि गिरावट देखियो र वृद्धिदर -१.७ प्रतिशतमा घट्यो। अझ खतरनाक अवस्था भने २०८० सालको मध्य-अप्रिलमा देखिएको हो, जब संकुचित मुद्राको वृद्धिदर -५.५ प्रतिशतसम्म झरेको थियो। यसले बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा नगद प्रवाह घटेको, निक्षेप संकलनको गती सुस्त रहेको, र आम नागरिकको खर्च गर्ने क्षमतामा पनि ह्रास आएको संकेत दियो।

तर चालु वर्ष २०८१ को मध्य-अप्रिलसम्म आइपुग्दा स्थितिमा उल्लेखनीय सुधार देखिएको छ। M1 वृद्धिदर पुन: १४.७ प्रतिशत पुगेको छ, जुन पछिल्लो तीन वर्षमा सबैभन्दा उच्च वृद्धिदर हो। यो सुधारले बजारमा तरलता विस्तार भएको, बैंकिङ क्षेत्रले निक्षेप तथा नगद प्रवाहमा सुधार ल्याएको, र अर्थतन्त्रमा सकारात्मक संकेतहरू देखिन थालेको दर्शाउँछ।

यो वृद्धिदरले नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकको मौद्रिक नीति, विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चितिमा सुधार, तथा विप्रेषण प्रवाहमा वृद्धि भएको सम्भावित असरलाई पनि संकेत गर्छ। तर, यो सुधार दिगो हो वा होइन भन्ने मूल्याङ्कन आउँदा दिनमा मौद्रिक नीति, विदेशी व्यापार सन्तुलन, र बजारको समग्र विश्वासमा निर्भर रहनेछ।

Nepal’s Narrow Money (M1) growth has shown notable volatility over the past several years, reflecting shifting trends in monetary liquidity, cash in circulation, and public financial behavior. As a key indicator of the financial sector's performance, changes in M1 provide critical insights into the effectiveness of monetary policy and the state of economic momentum.

In the fiscal year 2019/20, the M1 growth stood at 17.8%, indicating a healthy expansion of money supply in the economy. This momentum further accelerated in 2020/21, reaching a peak growth rate of 22.8%, suggesting strong liquidity and possibly expansionary monetary conditions during that period. However, the situation took a sharp downturn in 2021/22, when M1 contracted by -9.3%. This negative growth hinted at tightening liquidity, cash withdrawal from the economy, and potentially stricter monetary measures or declining public confidence in spending.

In 2022/23, the growth recovered slightly to a modest 1.2%, but it was insufficient to signal any strong reversal of the previous year’s contraction. The downward trend resumed in 2023/24 with a further dip to -1.7%, indicating a prolonged phase of weak liquidity growth. The mid-April data of 2023/24 painted a bleaker picture, with M1 shrinking by -5.5%. Such a decline pointed to sluggish deposit mobilization, weak cash flow within the economy, and an overall tightening of financial conditions.

However, a dramatic turnaround is seen in the mid-April data for the current fiscal year 2024/25, with M1 growth rebounding sharply to 14.7%. This is the highest growth rate in the last three years and indicates a significant recovery in the money supply. The rise may be attributed to improved remittance inflow, increased public spending, higher banking transactions, and a more accommodative monetary environment created by Nepal Rastra Bank.

This recent upswing in narrow money growth may signal improving investor and consumer confidence, a rebound in economic activity, and the easing of previous financial constraints. Still, it remains to be seen whether this recovery is sustainable or merely a short-term correction. Future policy decisions, inflation control, and the external trade environment will play a crucial role in maintaining this momentum.

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