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  3. Nepal's Export Sector Rebounds After Years of Volatility: Detailed Seven-Year Analysis
नेपालको निर्यात क्षेत्रमा सुधार: सात वर्षको विश्लेषणमा फेरि देखिएको सकारात्मक संकेत
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Published on May 11, 2025
Nepsetrading

नेपालको निर्यात क्षेत्रमा सुधार: सात वर्षको विश्लेषणमा फेरि देखिएको सकारात्मक संकेतNepal's Export Sector Rebounds After Years of Volatility: Detailed Seven-Year Analysis

नेपालको निर्यात तथ्यांकलाई विश्लेषण गर्दा पछिल्ला सात वर्षमा निर्यात क्षेत्र निकै उतारचढावमा परेको देखिन्छ। सन् २०१८/१९ (आर्थिक वर्ष २०७५/७६) मा देशको कुल निर्यात ९७.७ अर्ब रुपैयाँमा सीमित थियो। त्यसपछिका दुई वर्षमा निर्यात क्षेत्रले उल्लेखनीय वृद्धिको अनुभव गर्‍यो। २०१९/२० मा निर्यात १४१.१ अर्ब रुपैयाँ पुग्यो भने २०२०/२१ मा यो २०० अर्ब रुपैयाँसम्म पुगेर ऐतिहासिक उचाइमा पुग्यो। यो वृद्धिको प्रमुख कारणहरुमा कोभिड-१९ को शुरुवातपछिको खुकुलो नीति, केही उत्पादनहरूको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मागमा वृद्धि, र निजी क्षेत्रको निर्यात केन्द्रित पहलहरूलाई मान्न सकिन्छ।

तर यो उत्साह लामो समय टिक्न सकेन। आर्थिक वर्ष २०२१/२२ मा निर्यात १५७.१ अर्ब रुपैयाँमा झर्‍यो भने २०२२/२३ मा झन् घटेर १५२.४ अर्ब रुपैयाँमा सीमित रह्यो। निर्यातमा आएको यो गिरावटले देशको समग्र वैदेशिक क्षेत्रको सन्तुलनमा नकारात्मक प्रभाव पार्‍यो। घट्दो निर्यातसँगै व्यापार घाटा झन् बढ्न पुग्यो। यसमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मूल्यवृद्धि, कच्चा पदार्थको अभाव, उत्पादन लागतमा वृद्धिलगायतका कारण जिम्मेवार देखिन्छन्।

मध्य-अप्रिल २०२३/२४ सम्म आइपुग्दा स्थिति अझै कमजोर देखियो। निर्यात ११३.९ अर्ब रुपैयाँमा खुम्चिएको थियो, जुन अघिल्लो वर्षको तुलनामा झन्डै २५ प्रतिशतले कम हो। यो गिरावटले नेपालको निर्यात क्षेत्र थप समस्याग्रस्त भएको संकेत दियो। अर्थशास्त्रीहरूको भनाइमा, उक्त समयमा सरकारले निर्यातमुखी नीति प्रभावकारी रूपमा कार्यान्वयन गर्न नसकेको, साथै निजी उद्योगमा लगानीको आकर्षण कम भएको थियो।

तर आशाको संकेत फेरि देखिएको छ। मध्य-अप्रिल २०२४/२५ को तथ्यांक अनुसार निर्यात १८८.२ अर्ब रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ। यो अघिल्लो वर्षको तुलनामा झन्डै ६५ प्रतिशतको तीव्र वृद्धि हो। यो वृद्धिलाई तयारी वस्तुहरू, कृषि तथा हस्तकला क्षेत्रको निर्यातमा वृद्धि, र छिमेकी भारतसहितका प्रमुख व्यापार साझेदारहरूसँग व्यापारिक सहजता कायम राखिएकोसँग जोड्न सकिन्छ। साथै, उत्पादन र ढुवानी प्रणालीमा केही प्रविधिगत सुधार, सस्तो श्रमको प्रभावकारी प्रयोग, र अनलाइन बजार प्रणालीको विस्तारले पनि यो वृद्धिमा सहयोग पुगेको देखिन्छ।

यो पुनरुत्थानलाई दीर्घकालीन बनाइराख्न सरकारले निर्यातजन्य उद्योगहरूलाई थप प्रोत्साहन दिनु आवश्यक छ। विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्रहरू (SEZ), कर छुट, निर्यात कर्जा सुविधा, गुणस्तर प्रमाणीकरण, र नयाँ बजार विस्तारमा सहयोग पुर्‍याउने नीति आवश्यक छन्। यससँगै निजी क्षेत्रले नवप्रवर्तन, उत्पादनको विविधीकरण, र मूल्य अभिवृद्धिमा ध्यान दिनु आवश्यक छ।

निष्कर्षमा, नेपालले निर्यात क्षेत्रमा गुमाएको गति पुनः फेला पार्दैछ भन्ने संकेत प्राप्त भएको छ। यद्यपि, यो सफलता कायम राख्न रणनीतिक हस्तक्षेप, निरन्तर सुधार प्रयास, र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिस्पर्धामा उभिन सक्ने क्षमताको आवश्यकता रहनेछ।

Nepal’s export data over the past seven years reveals a rollercoaster trend in the country's external trade performance. In fiscal year 2018/19, Nepal recorded total exports worth Rs. 97.7 billion. The following years saw encouraging growth—exports rose to Rs. 141.1 billion in 2019/20 and further surged to an all-time high of Rs. 200 billion in 2020/21. This sharp rise was largely attributed to the easing of initial COVID-19 restrictions, increased demand for certain goods in the global market, and heightened engagement from the private sector in export-focused production.

However, this growth proved unsustainable. In 2021/22, exports dropped to Rs. 157.1 billion, and then declined further to Rs. 152.4 billion in 2022/23. This consecutive downturn raised concerns about the long-term health of Nepal’s export sector and added pressure to the already widening trade deficit. Factors contributing to the decline included rising international commodity prices, shortage of raw materials, higher production costs, and limited government intervention in promoting exports during these periods.

By mid-April of 2023/24, the situation worsened. Exports had slumped to Rs. 113.9 billion, marking nearly a 25% decline from the previous year. Analysts pointed to ineffective trade policies, decreased investment in export-oriented industries, and growing logistical challenges as the primary causes. The fall reflected not just a dip in trade numbers, but also deeper structural issues in Nepal’s industrial base and competitiveness in international markets.

Fortunately, recent data suggests a strong recovery. By mid-April 2024/25, Nepal’s exports jumped to Rs. 188.2 billion—a dramatic year-on-year increase of 65.2%. This resurgence is believed to have been driven by improved demand for readymade garments, handicrafts, and agricultural products, as well as strengthened trade ties with neighboring countries like India. Furthermore, technological upgrades in production and logistics, greater digital adoption in trade facilitation, and a renewed focus on export diversification have likely contributed to the turnaround.

To maintain this positive momentum, experts emphasize the need for sustained government support to the export sector. This includes the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), export subsidies, improved customs and regulatory processes, and financial incentives like export credit schemes. The private sector, too, must prioritize product diversification, innovation, and international quality standards to solidify Nepal’s position in global trade.

In conclusion, Nepal’s export sector appears to be regaining strength after a period of stagnation and decline. While this recovery is encouraging, long-term success will depend on strategic policy actions, robust infrastructure development, and increased collaboration between government and industry to ensure Nepal remains competitive in the global market.

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