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  1. News
  2. Investor
  3. Nepal’s External Sector Strengthens, but Investment and Economic Activity Remain Weak
बाह्य अर्थतन्त्र बलियो, तर लगानी र उत्पादनमा अझै सुस्तता
Investor
3 min read
Published on July 14, 2026
Dipesh Ghimire

बाह्य अर्थतन्त्र बलियो, तर लगानी र उत्पादनमा अझै सुस्तताNepal’s External Sector Strengthens, but Investment and Economic Activity Remain Weak

काठमाडौं — नेपालको बाह्य अर्थतन्त्र पछिल्लो समय मजबुत अवस्थामा पुगेको छ। रेमिट्यान्स आप्रवाहमा आएको उच्च वृद्धि, विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चितिको विस्तार र बाह्य सन्तुलनमा देखिएको सुधारले अर्थतन्त्रलाई राहत दिए पनि आन्तरिक गतिविधिमा भने अपेक्षित गति आउन सकेको छैन।

नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकको चालु आर्थिक वर्ष २०८२/८३ को ११ महिनाको तथ्यांकले बाह्य क्षेत्रमा सकारात्मक संकेत देखाएको छ। तर बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा पर्याप्त तरलता, घट्दो ब्याजदर र सहज वित्तीय अवस्थाका बाबजुद निजी क्षेत्रको लगानी विस्तार र कर्जाको माग कमजोर देखिएको छ।

राष्ट्र बैंकका अनुसार जेठसम्म मुलुकको विदेशी विनिमय सञ्चिति ३७ खर्ब ५५ अर्ब ६४ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ। अमेरिकी डलरमा यस्तो सञ्चिति २४ अर्ब ६८ करोड डलर पुगेको छ। यो सञ्चितिले करिब १९.१ महिनाको वस्तु तथा सेवा आयात धान्न सक्ने अवस्था रहेको छ।

विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चितिमा भएको वृद्धिले बाह्य क्षेत्रको जोखिम घटाएको छ। विगतमा विदेशी मुद्रा अभावका कारण देखिएका चुनौती कम हुँदै गएको र आयात भुक्तानी क्षमता बलियो बनेको राष्ट्र बैंकको तथ्यांकले देखाएको छ।

बाह्य क्षेत्र सुधारको मुख्य आधार भने रेमिट्यान्स बनेको छ। चालु आर्थिक वर्षको ११ महिनामा विप्रेषण आप्रवाह ३८.२ प्रतिशतले बढेर २१ खर्ब २० अर्ब ८० करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ।

अघिल्लो वर्षको यही अवधिमा रेमिट्यान्स वृद्धिदर १५.६ प्रतिशत मात्र थियो। अमेरिकी डलरमा समेत रेमिट्यान्स २९.६ प्रतिशतले बढेर १४ अर्ब ५९ करोड डलर पुगेको छ।

जेठ महिनामा मात्रै २ खर्ब ३ अर्ब ८९ करोड रुपैयाँ बराबरको रेमिट्यान्स भित्रिएको छ। यसले विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चिति बढाउन मात्र होइन, मुलुकको उपभोग र आयात धान्नसमेत महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको छ।

तर वैदेशिक रोजगारीतर्फ नयाँ श्रम स्वीकृति लिने नेपालीको संख्या भने केही घटेको छ। समीक्षा अवधिमा नयाँ श्रम स्वीकृति लिनेको संख्या ३ लाख ६७ हजार २११ र पुनः श्रम स्वीकृति लिनेको संख्या ३ लाख ५५ हजार ७३५ रहेको छ।

रेमिट्यान्स वृद्धिसँगै नेपालको बाह्य सन्तुलन पनि थप बलियो बनेको छ। समीक्षा अवधिमा चालु खाता ८ खर्ब २ अर्ब ६ करोड रुपैयाँ बचतमा पुगेको छ भने शोधनान्तर स्थिति ९ खर्ब २६ अर्ब ६ करोड रुपैयाँ बचतमा रहेको छ।

अघिल्लो वर्षको यही अवधिमा शोधनान्तर बचत ४ खर्ब ९१ अर्ब ४४ करोड रुपैयाँ थियो। एक वर्षको अवधिमा बाह्य सन्तुलनमा उल्लेख्य सुधार देखिएको छ।

तर बाह्य क्षेत्रमा देखिएको सुधारले आन्तरिक अर्थतन्त्रमा अपेक्षित प्रभाव पार्न सकेको छैन। बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थामा लगानीयोग्य रकम पर्याप्त भए पनि उद्योग, व्यापार र व्यवसाय विस्तारका लागि कर्जाको माग बढ्न सकेको छैन।

राष्ट्र बैंकका अनुसार बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाको निक्षेप १०.३ प्रतिशतले बढेर ८० खर्ब १२ अर्ब ४९ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ। तर निजी क्षेत्रमा प्रवाहित कर्जा भने ६.२ प्रतिशतले मात्र बढेर ५८ खर्ब ३८ अर्ब २७ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ।

बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा पैसा भए पनि व्यवसायी नयाँ लगानी गर्न उत्साहित नहुनु अहिलेको प्रमुख चुनौती बनेको छ। बजार माग कमजोर, लगानी वातावरणप्रतिको अनिश्चितता र निजी क्षेत्रको मनोबलमा आएको कमीले कर्जा विस्तारमा असर परेको देखिन्छ।

ब्याजदर पनि पछिल्लो समय न्यून अवस्थामा छ। बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाबीचको अन्तरबैंक ब्याजदर २.७३ प्रतिशतमा झरेको छ भने वाणिज्य बैंकहरूको औसत कर्जा ब्याजदर ६.६४ प्रतिशत रहेको छ।

सामान्य अवस्थामा कम ब्याजदरले लगानी बढाउन सहयोग गर्ने भए पनि अहिले व्यवसायीले थप लगानीका लागि जोखिम लिन हिच्किचाइरहेका छन्। यसले केवल ब्याजदर घटाएर मात्र आर्थिक गतिविधि चलायमान नहुने संकेत गरेको छ।

सरकारी वित्तीय अवस्थातर्फ हेर्दा समीक्षा अवधिमा सरकारको कुल खर्च १३ खर्ब ४६ अर्ब ६५ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ। राजस्व परिचालन भने १० खर्ब ८१ अर्ब ३१ करोड रुपैयाँ रहेको छ।

सरकारी खर्च बढे पनि पुँजीगत खर्चको प्रभावकारी कार्यान्वयन र निजी क्षेत्रको लगानी विस्तारमा कमजोरी रहँदा आर्थिक गतिविधिले अपेक्षित गति लिन नसकेको देखिन्छ।

राष्ट्र बैंकको तथ्यांकले अहिले नेपालको मुख्य चुनौती बाह्य सन्तुलन नभई आन्तरिक उत्पादन र लगानी विस्तार रहेको देखाएको छ। विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चिति सहज, बैंकमा तरलता पर्याप्त र ब्याजदर न्यून भए पनि त्यसलाई उत्पादनमूलक क्षेत्रमा परिचालन गर्न नसक्नु अर्थतन्त्रको प्रमुख समस्या बनेको छ।

अबको प्राथमिकता बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा रहेको स्रोतलाई उद्योग, पूर्वाधार, उत्पादन र रोजगारी सिर्जना हुने क्षेत्रमा प्रवाह गर्नु हुनेछ। लगानीको वातावरण सुधार गर्न सके मात्र बाह्य क्षेत्रको मजबुतीलाई दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक वृद्धिमा रूपान्तरण गर्न सकिने देखिन्छ।

Kathmandu — Nepal’s external sector has shown significant improvement in recent months, supported by strong remittance inflows, rising foreign exchange reserves and a comfortable balance of payments position. However, the positive developments in the external sector have not yet translated into stronger domestic economic activity, with private investment and credit demand remaining sluggish.

According to the latest data released by Nepal Rastra Bank for the first 11 months of the current fiscal year 2082/83, most external sector indicators have improved. Despite sufficient liquidity in the banking system, lower interest rates and a comfortable financial environment, businesses have remained cautious about expanding investment and borrowing.

Foreign Exchange Reserves Reach Strong Position

Nepal’s foreign exchange reserves have reached a comfortable level, reducing pressure on the external sector. By the end of Jestha, total foreign exchange reserves stood at Rs. 3.755 trillion.

In US dollar terms, reserves reached USD 24.68 billion, which is sufficient to cover around 19.1 months of imports of goods and services, according to Nepal Rastra Bank.

The rise in foreign currency reserves has strengthened Nepal’s ability to finance imports and reduced risks related to external payments. The improvement has provided greater stability compared to previous periods when foreign currency shortages created pressure on the economy.

Remittance Becomes the Main Pillar of External Stability

The major driver behind the improvement in Nepal’s external position has been the sharp rise in remittance inflows.

During the first 11 months of the current fiscal year, remittance inflows increased by 38.2 percent to reach Rs. 2.12 trillion. During the same period last year, remittance growth was limited to 15.6 percent.

In US dollar terms, remittance increased by 29.6 percent to USD 14.59 billion. In Jestha alone, Nepal received remittance worth Rs. 203.89 billion.

The rise in remittance has supported foreign exchange reserves, household consumption and overall balance of payments. However, the decline in the number of new labour approvals for foreign employment indicates possible challenges for future remittance growth.

Current Account and Balance of Payments Move into Surplus

Along with increasing remittance inflows, Nepal’s external balance has improved significantly.

The current account recorded a surplus of Rs. 802.06 billion during the review period. Similarly, the balance of payments (BoP) surplus reached Rs. 926.06 billion.

In comparison, the BoP surplus during the same period last year was Rs. 491.44 billion.

The improvement indicates that Nepal’s foreign currency earnings have exceeded foreign currency outflows by a significant margin, creating a more stable external environment.

Liquidity is High, but Private Sector Credit Growth Remains Weak

Despite improvements in external indicators, domestic economic activity has not gained expected momentum.

Banks and financial institutions have witnessed strong deposit growth. According to Nepal Rastra Bank, deposits increased by 10.3 percent to reach Rs. 8.01 trillion during the review period.

However, private sector lending increased by only 6.2 percent to Rs. 5.83 trillion.

The gap between deposit growth and credit expansion shows that banks have sufficient funds but businesses are not showing strong demand for loans.

Economists view weak private investment confidence, slower business expansion and uncertainty in the economic environment as major reasons behind the sluggish credit demand.

Lower Interest Rates Fail to Encourage Investment

Interest rates have declined significantly in the banking system. The weighted average interbank rate has fallen to 2.73 percent, while the average lending rate of commercial banks stands at 6.64 percent.

Normally, lower interest rates encourage borrowing and investment. However, businesses have remained cautious despite cheaper credit availability.

The current situation suggests that reducing interest rates alone may not be enough to revive investment. Improving business confidence, market demand and policy stability will also be necessary.

Government Spending Rises, but Economic Impact Remains Limited

Government expenditure during the review period reached Rs. 1.346 trillion, while revenue collection stood at Rs. 1.081 trillion.

Although government spending has increased, weak capital expenditure implementation and limited private sector investment have prevented economic activities from accelerating.

The economy continues to face challenges in areas such as industrial expansion, employment generation and production growth.

Main Challenge: Converting Financial Strength into Economic Growth

The latest data from Nepal Rastra Bank shows that Nepal’s major economic challenge has shifted. The country is no longer facing severe external pressure; instead, the key challenge is utilizing available financial resources for productive activities.

Nepal currently has strong foreign reserves, adequate banking liquidity and relatively low interest rates. However, these advantages have not yet resulted in higher industrial production, investment expansion and job creation.

The next priority for policymakers will be directing available financial resources toward productive sectors such as industry, infrastructure, agriculture and employment-generating projects.

The current economic situation delivers a clear message: Nepal’s external position is stronger than before, but achieving sustainable economic growth will depend on reviving domestic investment and production.

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