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  1. News
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  3. Excess Liquidity in Banking System, Slow Credit Flow to Private Sector
बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा अधिक तरलता, निजी क्षेत्रमा कर्जा प्रवाह सुस्त
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1 min read
Published on February 10, 2026
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बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा अधिक तरलता, निजी क्षेत्रमा कर्जा प्रवाह सुस्तExcess Liquidity in Banking System, Slow Credit Flow to Private Sector

चालु आर्थिक वर्षमा पनि नेपालमा बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाबाट निजी क्षेत्रतर्फ कर्जा प्रवाह अपेक्षाअनुसार हुन सकेको छैन। बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा निक्षेप उल्लेख्य रूपमा बढे पनि उद्योग–व्यवसायबाट कर्जाको माग कमजोर रहँदा अधिक तरलताको समस्या जटिल बन्दै गएको छ।

नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकका अनुसार यस वर्ष ब्याजदर ऐतिहासिक रूपमा न्यून तहमा झरेको छ। दीर्घकालीन तरलता व्यवस्थापनका लागि केन्द्रीय बैंकले बन्ड जारी गरे पनि अपेक्षित परिणाम आउन सकेको छैन। पुस महिनामा करिब २ खर्ब रुपैयाँ बराबरको तरलता खिचिए पनि ब्याजदरमाथिको दबाब कायमै देखिएको छ।

पछिल्लो तथ्यांकअनुसार बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थामा कुल निक्षेप ७६ खर्ब ९७ अर्ब रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ। कुल कर्जा प्रवाह ५७ खर्ब ८३ अर्ब रुपैयाँ मात्र रहेको छ। यस आधारमा करिब ११ खर्ब ४४ अर्ब रुपैयाँ बराबरको अतिरिक्त तरलता प्रणालीमा रहेको देखिन्छ। कर्जा–निक्षेप अनुपात ७४.३७ प्रतिशतमा सीमित रहेको छ।

केन्द्रीय बैंकले निक्षेप संकलन, स्थायी निक्षेप सुविधा तथा बन्डमार्फत ठूलो परिमाणमा तरलता प्रशोचन गरे पनि ओभरनाइट सुविधाबाट पुनः केही रकम प्रणालीमा फर्किँदा खुद तरलता अझै उच्च रहेको छ।

समीक्षा अवधिमा निजी क्षेत्रतर्फ कर्जा प्रवाह करिब ३.६ प्रतिशतले मात्र बढेको छ। कर्जाको ठूलो हिस्सा गैर–वित्तीय संस्थागत क्षेत्रमा गएको छ भने व्यक्तिगत तथा घरपरिवार क्षेत्रमा सीमित रूपमा मात्र विस्तार भएको छ।

कर्जा प्रकारअनुसार मार्जिन कर्जा, आयातसँग सम्बन्धित ट्रष्ट रिसिट, हायर पर्चेज तथा क्यास क्रेडिट कर्जामा केही वृद्धि देखिएको छ। तर रियल स्टेट र आवधिक कर्जाको विस्तार कमजोर रहेको छ। यसैबीच, संस्थागत निक्षेपको हिस्सा उच्च रहँदा बैंकहरूमा तरलता व्यवस्थापन थप चुनौतीपूर्ण बन्दै गएको छ।

In the current fiscal year, credit flow from banks and financial institutions to the private sector in Nepal has remained weaker than expected. Despite a significant increase in deposits, low demand for loans from businesses and industries has intensified the problem of excess liquidity in the banking system.

According to Nepal Rastra Bank, interest rates have fallen to historically low levels. Although the central bank issued bonds to manage long-term liquidity, the expected outcomes have not been achieved. Even after absorbing nearly NPR 200 billion in liquidity in recent months, pressure on interest rates persists.

Recent data shows that total deposits in banks and financial institutions have reached NPR 7.697 trillion, while total credit stands at only NPR 5.783 trillion. As a result, around NPR 1.144 trillion remains as excess liquidity. The credit-to-deposit ratio is currently limited to 74.37 percent.

The central bank has used various monetary tools such as deposit collection auctions, standing deposit facilities, and bonds to absorb liquidity. However, some funds have re-entered the system through overnight facilities, keeping net liquidity at a high level.

During the review period, private sector credit increased by only 3.6 percent, lower than the growth recorded in the previous year. Most of the loans were directed toward non-financial institutional sectors, while lending to individuals and households remained limited.

In terms of loan categories, margin lending, import-related trust receipts, hire purchase, and cash credit loans recorded moderate growth. However, real estate and term loans showed weak expansion. Meanwhile, the high share of institutional deposits has made liquidity management more challenging for banks.

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