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  1. News
  2. Investor
  3. Excess Liquidity Pushes Bank Interest Rates Lower as Credit Demand Remains Weak
अधिक तरलताबीच बैंक ब्याजदर घट्दो, कर्जा विस्तार अझै सुस्त
Investor
2 min read
Updated on May 13, 2026
NEPSE TRADING

अधिक तरलताबीच बैंक ब्याजदर घट्दो, कर्जा विस्तार अझै सुस्तExcess Liquidity Pushes Bank Interest Rates Lower as Credit Demand Remains Weak

बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा अधिक तरलता कायम रहँदा बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाहरूले कर्जा र निक्षेप दुवैको ब्याजदर उल्लेख्य रूपमा घटाएका छन् । निजी क्षेत्रबाट कर्जा माग अपेक्षाअनुसार विस्तार हुन नसक्दा बैंकहरूमा लगानीयोग्य रकम थुप्रिएको अवस्था देखिएको हो ।

Nepal Rastra Bank का अनुसार चालु आर्थिक वर्ष २०८२/८३ को चैत मसान्तसम्म वाणिज्य बैंकहरूको कर्जाको भारित औसत ब्याजदर घटेर ६.७७ प्रतिशतमा झरेको छ । गत आर्थिक वर्षको सोही अवधिमा यस्तो दर ८.२२ प्रतिशत रहेको थियो । यसरी एक वर्षमै कर्जा ब्याजदर १.४८ प्रतिशत बिन्दुले घटेको देखिएको छ ।

त्यस्तै, विकास बैंकहरूको औसत कर्जा ब्याजदर ७.९६ प्रतिशत र वित्त कम्पनीहरूको ९.२६ प्रतिशत कायम भएको छ । अघिल्लो वर्ष यी दर क्रमशः ९.५९ प्रतिशत र १०.४० प्रतिशत थिए ।

कर्जा मात्र होइन, निक्षेपको ब्याजदर पनि निरन्तर घटिरहेको छ । वाणिज्य बैंकहरूको निक्षेपको भारित औसत ब्याजदर ३.४० प्रतिशतमा झरेको छ, जुन गत वर्ष ४.४५ प्रतिशत थियो । विकास बैंकहरूको निक्षेप ब्याजदर ३.७७ प्रतिशत तथा वित्त कम्पनीहरूको ४.७४ प्रतिशत कायम भएको छ ।

राष्ट्र बैंकका अनुसार बैंकहरूको आधार दर पनि घट्दो क्रममा रहेको छ । चैत मसान्तसम्म वाणिज्य बैंकहरूको औसत बेस रेट ५.०६ प्रतिशतमा झरेको छ । गत वर्ष यस्तो दर ६.२९ प्रतिशत थियो । विकास बैंक र वित्त कम्पनीहरूको आधार दर पनि उल्लेख्य रूपमा घटेको छ ।

बजारमा अधिक तरलता हुँदा सरकारी ऋणपत्रको प्रतिफल र अन्तरबैंक ब्याजदरमा पनि गिरावट आएको छ । ९१ दिने ट्रेजरी बिलको भारित औसत ब्याजदर ३.०६ प्रतिशतबाट घटेर २.६१ प्रतिशतमा पुगेको छ भने अन्तरबैंक दर पनि ३ प्रतिशतबाट २.७५ प्रतिशतमा झरेको राष्ट्र बैंकले जनाएको छ ।

विश्लेषकहरूका अनुसार निक्षेप उच्च दरमा बढिरहे पनि निर्माण, उद्योग र व्यापार क्षेत्रमा सुस्तता कायम रहँदा निजी क्षेत्र नयाँ लगानी विस्तारमा अझै सतर्क देखिएको छ । यही कारण बैंकहरूले कर्जा प्रवाह बढाउन ब्याजदर घटाउँदै आएका छन् ।

घट्दो ब्याजदरले घरजग्गा, अटोमोबाइल, शेयर बजार तथा व्यवसायिक कर्जातर्फ केही आकर्षण बढ्न थालेको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । तर बचतकर्ताका लागि भने निक्षेपबाट प्राप्त हुने प्रतिफल कमजोर बन्दै गएको देखिन्छ ।

राष्ट्र बैंकका अनुसार समीक्षा अवधिसम्म निजी क्षेत्रमा प्रवाहित कर्जा ५.७ प्रतिशतले बढेर ५८ खर्ब ९ अर्ब ६६ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ । अघिल्लो वर्ष सोही अवधिमा कर्जा विस्तार ७.१ प्रतिशत रहेको थियो । यसले चालु वर्षमा कर्जा विस्तारको गति सुस्त बनेको संकेत गरेको छ ।

यता, बैंक तथा वित्तीय संस्थाको निक्षेप भने ८.५ प्रतिशतले बढेर ७८ खर्ब ७९ अर्ब ५४ करोड रुपैयाँ पुगेको छ । वार्षिक विन्दुगत आधारमा निक्षेप वृद्धिदर १५.५ प्रतिशत पुगेको राष्ट्र बैंकले जनाएको छ ।

विश्लेषकहरूका अनुसार बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा अधिक तरलता, घट्दो ब्याजदर र सुस्त कर्जा विस्तारले अहिले अर्थतन्त्रमा पैसा उपलब्ध भए पनि लगानीको आत्मविश्वास अझै पूर्ण रूपमा फर्किन नसकेको संकेत गरेको छ ।

Interest rates on both loans and deposits have continued to decline as excess liquidity persists in Nepal’s banking system and private sector credit demand remains weaker than expected. Banks and financial institutions are increasingly lowering rates in an effort to expand lending amid growing investable funds within the financial system.

According to the latest data released by the Nepal Rastra Bank, the weighted average lending rate of commercial banks fell to 6.77 percent by the end of Chaitra in the current fiscal year 2082/83. During the same period last fiscal year, the average lending rate stood at 8.22 percent, indicating a decline of 1.48 percentage points within a year.

Similarly, the average lending rate of development banks dropped to 7.96 percent, while finance companies reported an average lending rate of 9.26 percent. In the previous year, those rates had stood at 9.59 percent and 10.40 percent respectively.

Deposit interest rates have also declined significantly. The weighted average deposit rate of commercial banks fell to 3.40 percent from 4.45 percent a year earlier. Deposit rates at development banks and finance companies declined to 3.77 percent and 4.74 percent respectively.

The central bank also reported a decline in banks’ base rates. By the end of Chaitra, the average base rate of commercial banks had dropped to 5.06 percent from 6.29 percent in the previous year. Base rates of development banks and finance companies also declined noticeably during the review period.

The impact of excess liquidity is increasingly visible in money market indicators as well. The weighted average yield on 91-day Treasury bills fell from 3.06 percent last year to 2.61 percent this year. Likewise, the weighted average interbank interest rate declined from 3 percent to 2.75 percent, according to the central bank.

Analysts say the decline in interest rates is largely driven by weak expansion in private sector borrowing despite strong deposit growth in the banking system. Construction, industry and trade sectors continue to remain relatively sluggish, making businesses cautious about expanding new investments.

At the same time, lower borrowing costs have started attracting some interest toward housing, automobiles, share market investments and business-related loans. However, the falling deposit rates are gradually weakening returns for savers who rely on fixed deposits and bank savings for income.

According to the Nepal Rastra Bank, private sector credit increased by 5.7 percent during the review period, reaching Rs 5.809 trillion. In the same period last year, credit expansion had stood at 7.1 percent, indicating slower lending growth this fiscal year.

In contrast, bank deposits increased sharply by 8.5 percent during the period, rising to Rs 7.879 trillion. On an annual point-to-point basis, deposit growth reached 15.5 percent, reflecting strong inflows into the banking system.

Analysts believe the combination of excess liquidity, declining interest rates and slow credit expansion signals that money is available within the financial system, but overall investment confidence in the economy has yet to fully recover.

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