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  1. News
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  3. Export Structure Dominated by Consumer Goods, Terms of Trade Fall by 3.7%
साउनमा निर्यात संरचनामा उपभोग्य वस्तुको दबदबा, व्यापार सर्त ३.७ प्रतिशतले घट्यो
Investor
1 min read
Published on September 16, 2025
NEPSE TRADING

साउनमा निर्यात संरचनामा उपभोग्य वस्तुको दबदबा, व्यापार सर्त ३.७ प्रतिशतले घट्योExport Structure Dominated by Consumer Goods, Terms of Trade Fall by 3.7%

काठमाडौं, भदौ — नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले सार्वजनिक गरेको तथ्याङ्कअनुसार आर्थिक वर्ष २०८२/८३ को पहिलो महिनामा वैदेशिक व्यापार संरचना र मूल्य सूचकाङ्कमा उल्लेख्य परिवर्तन देखिएको छ। निर्याततर्फ अन्तिम उपभोग्य वस्तुको हिस्सा उच्च भए पनि आयाततर्फ मध्यवर्ती वस्तुको प्रभावकारी दबदबा देखिएको छ।

समीक्षा अवधिमा कुल निर्यातमा अन्तिम उपभोग्य वस्तुको हिस्सा ६९.१ प्रतिशत पुगेको छ। मध्यवर्ती वस्तुको हिस्सा २९.९ प्रतिशत र पुँजीगत वस्तुको हिस्सा १ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको छ।
गत वर्ष सोही अवधिमा भने निर्यात संरचना फरक थियो — अन्तिम उपभोग्य वस्तुको हिस्सा ४४.३ प्रतिशत, मध्यवर्ती वस्तुको ५४.६ प्रतिशत र पुँजीगत वस्तुको १.१ प्रतिशत रहेको थियो। यसले देखाउँछ कि यसपटक निर्यातमा घरेलु उपभोगका वस्तुको भूमिका उच्च बनेको छ।

कुल आयाततर्फ भने मध्यवर्ती वस्तुले ५६.२ प्रतिशत हिस्सा ओगटेको छ। अन्तिम उपभोग्य वस्तुको हिस्सा २६.२ प्रतिशत र पुँजीगत वस्तुको हिस्सा ७.६ प्रतिशत रहेको छ।
अघिल्लो वर्ष सोही अवधिमा यी अनुपात क्रमशः ४०.१ प्रतिशत, ५०.७ प्रतिशत र ९.२ प्रतिशत रहेका थिए। यसरी हेर्दा, यस वर्ष अन्तिम उपभोग्य वस्तुको आयात घटेको र मध्यवर्ती वस्तुको आयात बढेको देखिन्छ।

भन्सार तथ्याङ्कमा आधारित एकाइ मूल्य सूचकाङ्क (Unit Value Index) अनुसार २०८२ साउन महिनामा निर्यात मूल्य सूचकाङ्क ३.८ प्रतिशतले घट्यो भने आयात मूल्य सूचकाङ्क ०.०४ प्रतिशतले घट्यो।
यस अवधिमा व्यापारको सर्त (Terms of Trade) ३.७ प्रतिशतले कमजोर भएको देखिन्छ। यसको अर्थ नेपालले निर्यात गर्ने वस्तुको तुलनामा आयात गर्ने वस्तुको मूल्य प्रभावकारी रूपमा बढ्दो अवस्थामा रहेको छ।

विशेषज्ञहरूका अनुसार निर्यातमा उपभोग्य वस्तुको उच्च हिस्सा देखिनु छोटो अवधिमा सकारात्मक भए पनि दीर्घकालीन रूपमा निर्यातको गुणस्तर र विविधीकरणमा चुनौती कायम छ। आयाततर्फ मध्यवर्ती वस्तुको उच्च हिस्सा उत्पादन र औद्योगिक क्रियाकलाप विस्तारसँग सम्बन्धित देखिए पनि पुँजीगत वस्तुको हिस्सा घट्नु दीर्घकालीन विकासमा अवरोध हुन सक्ने चेतावनी दिइएको छ।
त्यसैगरी, व्यापारको सर्त कमजोर हुनु नेपालको निर्यात वस्तु अझै मूल्य प्रतिस्पर्धामा पिछडिरहेको संकेत मानिएको छ।

Nepal’s foreign trade structure in the first month of FY 2082/83 showed notable shifts, according to data published by Nepal Rastra Bank. While exports were dominated by consumer goods, imports remained largely driven by intermediate goods. Meanwhile, the country’s terms of trade weakened, raising concerns about competitiveness.

During the review period, consumer goods accounted for 69.1 percent of total exports, while intermediate goods made up 29.9 percent and capital goods only 1 percent.
In contrast, last year’s figures were very different — consumer goods made up 44.3 percent, intermediate goods 54.6 percent, and capital goods 1.1 percent. This shows that Nepal’s recent export growth has been heavily dependent on consumer-oriented items rather than industrial or capital goods.

On the import side, intermediate goods dominated with a 56.2 percent share of total imports. Consumer goods accounted for 26.2 percent, while capital goods stood at 7.6 percent.
In the same month last year, the shares were 40.1 percent, 50.7 percent, and 9.2 percent respectively. This indicates a decline in consumer goods imports but a notable rise in intermediate goods, reflecting growing demand for inputs used in production and industries.

Based on customs statistics, the export unit value index fell by 3.8 percent, while the import unit value index dropped slightly by 0.04 percent.
As a result, Nepal’s terms of trade deteriorated by 3.7 percent in Shrawan. This means that the relative value of Nepal’s exports declined compared to imports, signaling weaker competitiveness in international trade.

Economists note that the dominance of consumer goods in exports may provide short-term benefits but highlights a lack of diversification and sophistication in Nepal’s export basket. On the import side, the rise in intermediate goods suggests some industrial expansion, yet the falling share of capital goods could limit long-term productivity growth.
The worsening terms of trade further underline the structural weakness of Nepal’s trade, as the country continues to rely on exporting lower-value goods while importing higher-value products.

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