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  1. News
  2. International
  3. Global Arms Market Surges Amid Ongoing Conflicts
जारी युद्धले विश्वभर हतियार बजारमा बृद्धि
International
2 min read
Published on December 3, 2024
NEPSE trading

जारी युद्धले विश्वभर हतियार बजारमा बृद्धिGlobal Arms Market Surges Amid Ongoing Conflicts

युक्रेन–रुस युद्ध र हालैको इजरायल–हमास संघर्षले विश्वको हतियार उद्योगलाई तीव्र गतिमा अघि बढाएको छ। स्टकहोम इन्टरनेशनल पिस रिसर्च इन्स्टिच्युट (SIPRI) ले सार्वजनिक गरेको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार, सन् २०२३ मा हतियार र सैन्य सेवाहरूको बिक्री $६३२ अर्ब पुगेको छ, जुन अघिल्लो वर्षको तुलनामा ४.२ प्रतिशतले बढी हो। यो वृद्धि विश्वव्यापी तनाव र सुरक्षा आवश्यकताको स्पष्ट संकेत हो।

SIPRI को प्रतिवेदनले युक्रेन र गाजाको युद्धसँगै पूर्वी एसियामा बढ्दो तनावले हतियार उत्पादन र बिक्रीलाई तीव्रता दिएको छ। विश्वका शीर्ष १०० हतियार उत्पादकहरूको बिक्रीमा उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि भएको छ, विशेषगरी रुस र मध्यपूर्वका निर्माता कम्पनीहरूबाट।

यस उद्योगमा अमेरिकी कम्पनीहरूको प्रभुत्व कायमै छ। शीर्ष १०० मध्ये ४१ अमेरिकी कम्पनीहरूले विश्वको कुल हतियार बिक्रीको लगभग आधा हिस्सा ओगटेका छन्। यी कम्पनीहरूको बिक्री अघिल्लो वर्षभन्दा २.५ प्रतिशतले वृद्धि भएको छ। तर, लकहिड मार्टिन र RTX (पहिले रेथियोन टेक्नोलोजी) जस्ता ठूला अमेरिकी कम्पनीहरूको राजस्व भने क्रमशः १.६ प्रतिशत र १.३ प्रतिशतले घटेको छ।

इजरायल–हमास युद्धले मध्यपूर्वमा हतियार खरिदको दौडलाई थप तीव्र बनाएको छ। इजरायलसँग आफ्नै हतियारको ठूलो भण्डार छ भने इरान र खाडी देशहरूले हमासलाई सहयोग गरेको भनाइ प्रतिवेदनमा उल्लेख छ। उता, पूर्वी एसियामा बढ्दो तनाव र युक्रेनमा युद्धले साना हतियार उत्पादकहरूको भूमिका बढाएको छ।

यस बृद्धि पछाडिको कारण भनेको विश्वव्यापी अस्थिरता हो। सुरक्षा प्राथमिकतामा गरिएको भारी लगानीले देशहरूको रणनीतिमा ठूलो परिवर्तन आएको संकेत गर्दछ। तर, उत्पादन क्षमतामा देखिएको कमीले आपूर्ति श्रृंखलाको प्रभावकारिता र उत्पादन स्तरको चुनौतीलाई उजागर गरेको छ।

अमेरिकी कम्पनीहरूको प्रभुत्वले तिनीहरूको प्रविधिगत उन्नति र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सञ्जाललाई दर्शाउँछ। तर, साना क्षेत्रीय उत्पादकहरूको बढ्दो प्रभावले स्थानीय आवश्यकतालाई प्राथमिकता दिँदै बजारलाई थप विविध बनाएको छ।

यो बृद्धिले हतियार बजारको आर्थिक लाभ भए पनि लामो समयका लागि विश्वको स्थिरतामा चुनौती थपेको छ। युद्ध र पुनःसशस्त्रीकरण कार्यक्रममा गरिएको लगानीले हिंसा र अस्थिरताको चक्रलाई निरन्तरता दिन सक्ने संकेत गरेको छ।

जसरी हतियार उद्योगले वृद्धि गरिरहेको छ, त्यसरी नै विश्वले द्वन्द्वहरूको समाधान खोज्न आवश्यक छ। शान्ति र स्थिरतामा ध्यान केन्द्रित नगर्ने हो भने, हतियार बजारले आगामी दिनमा पनि बृद्धि गर्ने सम्भावना प्रबल छ। यो स्थिति आजको अस्थिर विश्वको गम्भीर चित्रण हो।

The global arms industry has seen substantial growth, fueled by the Ukraine-Russia war and the recent Israel-Hamas conflict. As per the latest report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the total arms and military services sales in 2023 reached $632 billion, a 4.2% increase compared to the previous year. This sharp rise reflects heightened geopolitical tensions and the increasing demand for weapons worldwide.

Key Findings

The SIPRI report highlights that wars in Ukraine and Gaza, coupled with escalating tensions in East Asia, have driven the growth of the arms industry. Sales by the world’s top 100 arms companies accounted for the bulk of the increase, with significant contributions from manufacturers based in Russia and the Middle East. Notably, U.S. companies maintained their dominant position in the market, representing 41 of the top 100 arms manufacturers and contributing nearly half of global arms sales.

The report also revealed that while many companies are scaling up to meet demand, production capacities have struggled to keep pace. This shortfall has prompted a wave of hiring across the sector, signaling optimism for sustained growth in the coming years.

Regional Analysis

The Israel-Hamas conflict, which erupted in October 2023, has further intensified global arms procurement. Israel’s large domestic weapon stockpiles, coupled with reported support for Hamas from Iran and Gulf nations, underscore the shifting dynamics of the Middle Eastern arms race. Meanwhile, the rearmament programs in East Asia and the ongoing war in Ukraine have spurred smaller producers to rise in prominence.

Despite the overall growth, two major U.S. arms manufacturers—Lockheed Martin and RTX (formerly Raytheon Technologies)—reported revenue declines of 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively. This points to challenges in specific segments of the industry, even as the broader market thrives.

Interpreting the Data

The surge in arms sales is a direct consequence of prolonged conflicts and global instability. Increased military spending signals a shift in geopolitical strategies, with nations prioritizing security and defense over other economic concerns. However, the struggle to meet demand highlights underlying issues in supply chain efficiency and production scalability.

The dominance of U.S. companies reflects their advanced technologies and established global networks. However, the rise of smaller producers and regional manufacturers indicates a more diversified market responding to localized needs.

The Bigger Picture

The growth in the arms industry raises questions about the long-term implications of heightened military spending. While it may bolster economies in the short term, it also underscores a troubling trend of global militarization. The ongoing conflicts and rearmament efforts suggest that the demand for arms is unlikely to subside soon, potentially perpetuating cycles of violence and instability.

As nations continue to invest heavily in defense, policymakers and international organizations face the challenge of addressing the root causes of these conflicts. Without concerted efforts toward de-escalation and peacebuilding, the arms market is set to remain on an upward trajectory, reflecting the persistent instability in today's world.

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