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  3. Government Races to Finalize Budget Amid War Risks, Inflation Pressure, and Cooperative Cr...
बजेट तयारीमा सरकार व्यस्त: युद्ध, महँगी र सहकारी संकटबीच चुनौतीको चाप
Investor
2 min read
Updated on April 30, 2026
NEPSE TRADING

बजेट तयारीमा सरकार व्यस्त: युद्ध, महँगी र सहकारी संकटबीच चुनौतीको चापGovernment Races to Finalize Budget Amid War Risks, Inflation Pressure, and Cooperative Crisis

आगामी आर्थिक वर्षको बजेट निर्माणमा अर्थमन्त्रालय पूर्ण रूपमा केन्द्रित हुन थालेको छ। अर्थमन्त्री, अर्थसचिवसहितको टोलीले विभिन्न क्षेत्रका सुझाव संकलन गर्दै बजेटको खाका तयार पार्ने कामलाई तीव्र बनाएको हो। प्रत्येक वर्षझैँ यस वर्ष पनि जेठ १५ गते बजेट सार्वजनिक गर्नुपर्ने संवैधानिक समयसीमा नजिकिँदै गर्दा मन्त्रालयले निजी क्षेत्र, विज्ञ तथा सरोकारवालासँग परामर्शलाई प्राथमिकता दिएको देखिन्छ।

तर, यस पटकको बजेट निर्माण सामान्य परिस्थिति जस्तो छैन। अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय परिस्थितिमा आएको उतारचढाव, विशेषगरी मध्यपूर्वमा चर्किँदै गएको युद्धले नेपालको अर्थतन्त्रमा प्रत्यक्ष र अप्रत्यक्ष दबाब सिर्जना गरिरहेको छ। विश्व बजारमा ऊर्जा स्रोतको मूल्य अस्थिर बन्दै जाँदा पेट्रोलियम पदार्थको आपूर्ति र मूल्यमा थप जटिलता आउने संकेत देखिएको छ। यसको असर ढुवानीदेखि दैनिक उपभोग्य वस्तुसम्म पर्न थालेको छ, जसले महँगीको चाप अझ बढाउने निश्चित जस्तै देखिन्छ।

मध्यपूर्व क्षेत्र नेपालको प्रमुख श्रम गन्तव्य र व्यापारिक साझेदारसमेत हो। त्यहाँको अस्थिरताले निर्यात–आयात प्रक्रिया मात्र होइन, रेमिट्यान्स प्रवाहमा समेत जोखिम बढाएको छ। करिब १७ लाख नेपाली श्रमिक सो क्षेत्रमा कार्यरत रहेको अनुमान छ, जसबाट मासिक रूपमा ठूलो परिमाणमा विप्रेषण भित्रिन्छ। तर, युद्ध लम्बिएमा रोजगारी गुम्ने र श्रमिक स्वदेश फर्कनुपर्ने अवस्था सिर्जना हुन सक्नेछ, जसले आन्तरिक बेरोजगारी बढाउनुका साथै अर्थतन्त्रमा गम्भीर दबाब ल्याउने खतरा देखिएको छ।

यसैबीच, सरकारमाथि सहकारी पीडितको रकम फिर्ता गराउने अर्को ठूलो दायित्व पनि थपिएको छ। सरकार गठन भएको सय दिनभित्र समाधान गर्ने प्रतिबद्धता गरिएको भए पनि वास्तविकता निकै जटिल देखिएको छ। सहकारी क्षेत्रमा देखिएको अनियमितताको आकार अर्बमा होइन, खरबको स्तरमा पुग्ने अनुमान भइरहँदा यसको व्यवस्थापन बजेटका लागि ठूलो चुनौती बन्ने निश्चित छ।

राजस्व संकलनको अवस्था पनि अपेक्षाअनुसार सुदृढ देखिएको छैन। आर्थिक गतिविधिमा सुस्तता, आयातमा निर्भरता र बाह्य क्षेत्रको दबाबका कारण सरकारी आम्दानी कमजोर बनेको छ। यसले विकास खर्च र सामाजिक दायित्वबीच सन्तुलन कायम गर्न सरकारलाई झनै कठिन बनाएको छ। सीमित स्रोत साधनभित्रै प्राथमिकता निर्धारण गरी बजेट तयार पार्नुपर्ने बाध्यता देखिन्छ।

विश्व अर्थतन्त्रमा देखिएको अस्थिरताको असर नेपालमा पनि स्पष्ट रूपमा देखिन थालेको छ। इन्धन र खाद्य वस्तुको मूल्यवृद्धि, आपूर्ति प्रणालीमा अवरोध, तथा नेपाली मुद्रा अमेरिकी डलरसँग कमजोर बन्दा मुद्रास्फीति थप चर्किने संकेत देखिएको छ। यससँगै आयात र निर्यातबीचको असन्तुलन बढ्दै जाँदा विदेशी मुद्रा सञ्चितिमा दबाब परेको छ। चालू खाता र शोधनान्तर घाटाले बैंकिङ प्रणालीमा तरलता संकट सिर्जना गर्दै ब्याजदरसमेत माथि धकेलेको छ।

यस्ता चुनौतीबीच पनि सरकारले दीर्घकालीन सुधारका एजेन्डा अघि बढाउने तयारी गरेको देखिन्छ। कृषि क्षेत्रमा आधुनिकीकरण, जलविद्युत् उत्पादन वृद्धि, पर्यटन प्रवर्द्धन, पूँजीबजारको विकास तथा स्वदेशी–विदेशी लगानी आकर्षणलाई प्राथमिकतामा राख्ने संकेत देखिएको छ। साथै, औद्योगिकीकरण, नवप्रवर्तन र उद्यमशीलतालाई प्रोत्साहन गर्दै उत्पादनमुखी अर्थतन्त्रतर्फ उन्मुख हुने लक्ष्य पनि राखिएको छ।

साथै, सार्वजनिक ऋण व्यवस्थापन, पूँजीगत खर्चको प्रभावकारिता, वित्तीय अनुशासन कायम गर्ने तथा हुन्डी जस्ता गैरकानुनी आर्थिक कारोबार नियन्त्रण गर्ने विषय पनि बजेटका मुख्य फोकस बन्ने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ। समग्रमा, आन्तरिक र बाह्य दुवै दबाबबीच तयार हुन लागेको आगामी बजेटले अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थायित्वतर्फ लैजान सक्ने स्पष्ट रणनीति प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने चुनौती सरकारसामु उभिएको छ।

Nepal’s Ministry of Finance has intensified preparations for the upcoming fiscal year’s budget, with the finance minister, secretary, and a large team actively engaged in drafting the policy framework. With the constitutional deadline of presenting the budget on Jestha 15 approaching, the ministry has also been seeking input from various sectors, including experts, private stakeholders, and institutions, to shape a more inclusive and practical budget.

However, this year’s budget is being prepared under unusually complex circumstances. The escalating conflict in the Middle East has started to ripple across global markets, creating uncertainty in energy supply and international trade. Rising geopolitical tensions are expected to push up the prices of petroleum products, which will likely translate into higher transportation costs and increased prices of essential goods. This could significantly intensify inflationary pressure in Nepal’s already fragile economy.

The Middle East remains a key destination for Nepali migrant workers and an important trade partner. Any prolonged instability in the region could disrupt both exports and imports while posing serious risks to remittance inflows. Currently, around 1.7 million Nepali workers are employed in the Middle East, contributing a substantial portion of the country’s foreign currency earnings. A prolonged conflict could lead to job losses, forcing many workers to return home, which would increase domestic unemployment and put additional strain on the economy.

At the same time, the government faces mounting pressure to address the ongoing cooperative sector crisis. Political commitments to return the savings of cooperative victims within a short timeframe have added urgency to the issue. However, the scale of the problem is enormous, with liabilities potentially running into hundreds of billions of rupees. Managing such a crisis within limited fiscal space presents a major challenge for policymakers.

Revenue collection has also remained weaker than expected, reflecting sluggish economic activity and structural weaknesses. Nepal’s heavy reliance on imports, combined with external sector imbalances, has constrained government income. This has made it increasingly difficult to balance development spending with social and financial obligations, forcing the government to prioritize resource allocation more carefully.

Global economic shifts have further complicated the situation. Rising fuel and food prices, supply chain disruptions, and the depreciation of the Nepali currency against the US dollar have all contributed to growing inflation. The widening gap between imports and exports has put pressure on foreign exchange reserves, while current account and balance of payments deficits have tightened liquidity in the banking system and driven up interest rates.

Despite these challenges, the government is expected to focus on long-term structural reforms in the upcoming budget. Key priorities are likely to include modernization of agriculture, expansion of hydropower production, promotion of tourism, and development of the capital market. Efforts to attract both domestic and foreign investment, encourage entrepreneurship, and promote industrialization are also expected to feature prominently.

Additionally, improving capital expenditure efficiency, strengthening fiscal discipline, managing public debt effectively, and controlling illegal financial activities such as hundi transactions are likely to be major areas of focus. In this context, the upcoming budget is not just a financial document but a critical policy tool that must navigate both internal vulnerabilities and external shocks to steer Nepal’s economy toward stability and sustainable growth.

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