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  3. IMF Warns of Global Economic Slowdown Amid Rising Geopolitical Tensions and Oil Price Shoc...
इरान युद्ध लम्बिँदा विश्व अर्थतन्त्र मन्दीतर्फ: अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्रा कोषको चेतावनी
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2 min read
Published on April 16, 2026
NEPSE TRADING

इरान युद्ध लम्बिँदा विश्व अर्थतन्त्र मन्दीतर्फ: अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्रा कोषको चेतावनीIMF Warns of Global Economic Slowdown Amid Rising Geopolitical Tensions and Oil Price Shock

विश्व अर्थतन्त्र उच्च जोखिमतर्फ उन्मुख भएको संकेत देखिएको छ। International Monetary Fund (अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्रा कोष) ले सन् २०२६ को आफ्नो विश्व आर्थिक परिदृश्य प्रतिवेदन सार्वजनिक गर्दै इरानसँग सम्बन्धित युद्ध लम्बिएमा विश्व अर्थतन्त्र मन्दीतर्फ धकेलिन सक्ने चेतावनी दिएको छ। विशेषगरी उच्च तेल मूल्य र आपूर्ति अवरोधका कारण विश्वव्यापी आर्थिक वृद्धि कमजोर हुने देखिएको छ।आईएमएफका अनुसार यदि द्वन्द्व छिट्टै समाधान भई तेलको मूल्य प्रति ब्यारेल करिब ८२ डलरमा सीमित भयो भने सन् २०२६ मा विश्व अर्थतन्त्र ३.१ प्रतिशतले वृद्धि हुनेछ। तर यो वृद्धि दर यसअघि अनुमान गरिएको ३.४ प्रतिशतभन्दा कम हो। यदि युद्ध लम्बियो र तेल मूल्य औसत १०० डलरसम्म पुग्यो भने वृद्धि दर २.५ प्रतिशतमा झर्नेछ। अझै द्वन्द्व चर्किएर ऊर्जा पूर्वाधारमा क्षति पुगेको अवस्थामा वृद्धि दर २.० प्रतिशतमा सीमित भई विश्व अर्थतन्त्र मन्दीको नजिक पुग्ने आईएमएफले जनाएको छ।ठूला अर्थतन्त्रहरूको अवस्था भने फरक–फरक देखिएको छ। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको अर्थतन्त्र अपेक्षाकृत मजबुत रहेको छ। कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (एआई) क्षेत्रमा भइरहेको ठूलो लगानीका कारण अमेरिकाको आर्थिक वृद्धि २.३ प्रतिशत रहने अनुमान गरिएको छ। डाटा सेन्टर निर्माण, उन्नत चिप उत्पादन तथा प्रविधि क्षेत्रमा भइरहेको अर्बौं डलरको लगानीले अमेरिकी अर्थतन्त्रलाई नयाँ गति दिएको छ।यसको विपरीत, चीनको आर्थिक वृद्धि भने कमजोर हुने देखिएको छ । सन् २०२६ मा चीनको वृद्धि दर ४.४ प्रतिशतमा झर्ने प्रक्षेपण गरिएको छ। उच्च ऊर्जा लागत, आवास क्षेत्रको सुस्तता तथा उत्पादन लागत बढेका कारण उद्योग क्षेत्रमा दबाब बढेको छ। साथै, कच्चा पदार्थ र ढुवानी खर्च बढ्दा निर्यात प्रतिस्पर्धा पनि घट्ने देखिएको छ।युरोपेली अर्थतन्त्र पनि ऊर्जा आयातमा निर्भर भएकाले दबाबमा परेको छ। युरोपेली संघको करिब ६० प्रतिशत ऊर्जा आवश्यकता आयातबाट पूर्ति हुने भएकाले तेल र ग्यास मूल्यमा भएको वृद्धि प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा उद्योग र उत्पादन क्षेत्रमा असर परेको छ। हालैको द्वन्द्वपछि युरोपमा ग्यास मूल्य ७० प्रतिशतभन्दा बढीले बढेको छ, जसले आर्थिक गतिविधिमा सुस्तता ल्याए छ।उदीयमान अर्थतन्त्रमध्ये भारत भने सकारात्मक रूपमा देखिएको छ। भारतको आर्थिक वृद्धि दर ६.५ प्रतिशत रहने अनुमान गरिएको छ। आन्तरिक माग, उत्पादन क्षेत्रको विस्तार, सेवा क्षेत्रको मजबुती र सरकारी पूर्वाधार लगानीले भारतलाई अन्य देशहरूको तुलनामा बढी स्थिर बनाएको छ।
There are signs that the global economy is heading toward a high-risk situation. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its World Economic Outlook report for 2026, has warned that if the war related to Iran continues, the global economy could be pushed toward recession. In particular, high oil prices and supply disruptions are expected to weaken global economic growth.According to the IMF, if the conflict is resolved quickly and oil prices remain around $82 per barrel, the global economy is projected to grow by 3.1% in 2026. However, this is lower than the earlier estimate of 3.4%. If the war continues and oil prices rise to an average of $100 per barrel, growth is expected to fall to 2.5%. In an even more severe scenario, where the conflict escalates and damages energy infrastructure, growth could drop to 2.0%, bringing the global economy close to recession.The performance of major economies varies significantly. The United States economy remains relatively strong. Due to large-scale investment in artificial intelligence (AI), the US economic growth is estimated at 2.3%. Massive investments in data centers, advanced chip manufacturing, and the technology sector are giving new momentum to the US economy.In contrast, China’s economic growth is expected to weaken. In 2026, China’s growth rate is projected to fall to 4.4%. High energy costs, a slowdown in the housing sector, and rising production costs are putting pressure on industries. Additionally, increased raw material and transportation costs are reducing export competitiveness.The European economy is also under pressure due to its dependence on energy imports. Since about 60% of the European Union’s energy needs are met through imports, rising oil and gas prices are directly affecting industry and manufacturing. Following the recent conflict, gas prices in Europe have increased by more than 70%, leading to a slowdown in economic activity.Among emerging economies, India is showing positive performance. India’s economic growth rate is projected to be 6.5%. Strong domestic demand, expansion of the manufacturing sector, a robust services sector, and government infrastructure investment have made India more stable compared to many other countries.

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