
The NEPSE Journal
Market commentary, data deep-dives, and trading notes from the NEPSE Trading desk.

Nepal’s broad money (M3) increased by 0.4%, reaching Rs 7.95 trillion in mid-September 2025. The rise was largely driven by a 5.8% growth in net foreign assets and an increase in saving deposits, while domestic credit growth remained contained. The data reflect a stable monetary environment supported by rising reserves, strong remittance inflows, and effective liquidity management by NRB.

The money multiplier (M2) expanded to 7.16 in mid-September 2025, indicating improved liquidity efficiency within Nepal’s banking system. While broad money rose by 0.3 percent, the increase was driven by strong foreign inflows and rising deposits rather than rapid credit growth—signaling a stable, well-balanced monetary environment under NRB’s cautious policy framework.

The NRB Monetary Survey (Mid-September 2025) shows that private sector credit increased by 1.6% (Rs 87.7 billion), while government deposits surged by nearly 96% (Rs 255.6 billion). The contrasting trends highlight modest credit expansion amid strong fiscal cash accumulation. Despite slower domestic liquidity growth, Nepal’s external sector remains robust, supporting overall monetary stability.

The NRB Monetary Survey (Mid-September 2025) reveals that Net Foreign Assets surged by Rs 153.68 billion (5.8%), reaching Rs 2.88 trillion, while Net Domestic Assets fell by Rs 126.99 billion (–2.5%). The rise in external assets boosted liquidity stability, whereas reduced government borrowing and slower credit growth constrained domestic liquidity, keeping Nepal’s monetary environment stable and inflation under control.

As of mid-September 2025, Nepal’s commercial banks held Rs 1.02 trillion, or nearly 80%, of the government’s Rs 1.27 trillion domestic debt. Their holdings declined slightly by Rs 9 billion over two months, reflecting a shift toward long-term development bonds (Rs 770 billion). Experts urge greater debt market diversification to reduce reliance on banks and support private sector credit flow.

In FY 2025/26, Nepal’s treasury bills dropped sharply by Rs 56.4 billion to Rs 319.16 billion, while development bonds rose to Rs 943.76 billion. The shift reflects a policy focus on long-term borrowing and debt sustainability, with total domestic debt now at Rs 1.27 trillion. Analysts see this as fiscally prudent but warn of crowding out effects on private lending.