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आधिकारिक सूचनाOfficial AnnouncementFinancial Analysis
1 Nov, 2026
सालपा विकास बैंकको पहिलो त्रैमासिक वित्तीय विवरण

सालपा विकास बैंकको पहिलो त्रैमासिक वित्तीय विवरणSalapa Bikas Bank First Quarter Financial Results

वर्ग:Category:
Financial Analysis
प्रकाशित मिति:Published:
Published on November 1, 2026

Unaudited Financial Results (Quarterly)

As on Ashoj 31 2083

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As On Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Amount (NPR)

ParticularsThis Quarter EndingImmediate Previous Year Ending
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents309,449,152360,676,420
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank57,150,883126,694,211
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions--
Derivative Financial Instruments--
Other Trading Assets--
Loans and advances to B/FIs--
Loans and advances to customers1,232,582,4601,154,621,993
Investment securities479,475,638476,873,309
Current tax assets3,086,635-
Investment in subsidiaries--
Investment in associates--
Investment property8,374,4218,374,421
Property and Equipment21,004,45121,996,180
Goodwill and Intangible assets1,880,7991,748,157
Deferred Tax Assets8,203,8495,176,226
Other Assets33,127,16430,364,913
Total Assets2,154,335,4532,186,525,829
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions72,817,74061,710,880
Due to Nepal Ratsra Bank--
Derivative Financial Instrument--
Deposits from customers1,537,654,3541,559,374,282
Borrowings--
Current Tax Liabilities3,148,86865,856
Provisions--
Deferred Tax Liabilities--
Other liabilities24,450,07524,592,210
Debt securities issued--
Subordinated Liabilities--
Total liabilities1,638,071,0371,645,743,228
Equity
Share Capital522,388,000522,388,000
Share Premium--
Retained Earnings(27,989,660.77)(10,561,093.55)
Reserves21,866,07728,955,695
Total equity attributable to equity holders516,264,416540,782,601
Non-controlling interest--
Total Equity516,264,416540,782,601
Total Liabilities and Equity2,154,335,4532,186,525,829
Net Assets Value Per Share98.83103.52

Condensed Statement of Profit and Loss

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Amount (NPR)

Particulars This Quarter Current Year UptoParticulars This Quarter Current Year This Quarter(YTD)Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding UptoPrevious Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter(YTD)
Interest income33,069,529.2633,069,529.2635,163,596.1735,163,596.17
Interest expense18,087,136.3718,087,136.3720,372,172.7620,372,172.76
Net interest income14,982,392.8914,982,392.8914,791,423.4114,791,423.41
Fees and commission income1,058,396.111,058,396.111,087,593.021,087,593.02
Fees and commission expense----
Net fee and commission income1,058,396.111,058,396.111,087,593.021,087,593.02
Net interest and commission income16,040,789.0016,040,789.0015,879,016.4315,879,016.43
Net trading income----

Statement of Distributable Profit or Loss

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

(As per NRB Regulation)

Particulars Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year Corresponding Quarter YTD
Net Profit/(loss) as per Statement of Profit or Loss(17,427,945)(9,984,297)
Appropriation
a. General Reserve--
b. Foreign Exchange Fluctuation fund--
c. Capital redemption reserve--
d. Corporate social responsibility fund--
e. Employees training fund--
f. Other--
Profit/(loss) before regulatory adjustment(17,427,945)(9,984,297)
Regulatory Adjustments:
a. Interest Receivable (-)/previous accrued interest received(+)(1,882,000)-
b. Short loan loss provision in accounts(-)/ reversal(+)--
c. Short provision for possible losses on investment(-)/reversal(+)--
d. Short provision for possible losses on Non-Banking Assets (-)/reversal(+)--
e. Deferred Tax Assets recognized(-)/reversal(+)--
f. Goodwill recognized (-)/Impairment of Goodwill(+)--
g. Bargain purchase gain recognized (-)/reversal(+)--
h. Actuarial Loss recognized (-)/reversal(+)--
i. Other (+/-)--
Total regulatory adjustments(1,882,000)-
Net Profit for the Year End 2082(19,309,945)(9,984,297)
Opening Retained Earning(10,561,094)(9,984,297)
Adjustment (+/-)--
Distribution--
Bonus Share Issued--
Cash Dividend Issued--
Total Distributable Profit or (Loss) as on End Date(29,871,039)(9,984,297)
Annualised Distributable Profit/Loss per Share(5.72)(2.85)

Notes to Interim Financial Statement:

1. The above financial statement has been prepared in accordance with Nepal Financial Reporting Standards (NFRS) in line with NRB Directives. In compliance with NRB's ECL Guidelines, Bank has de-recognized interest income on loans and advances classified as Lifetime ECL under Stage-3.

2. Loans and advances include interest receivable of loans and are presented net of loan impairments.

3. Above figures are subject to change if directed by regulator or external audit.

4. Wherever necessary, figures have been regrouped and rearranged.

5. The interim unaudited financial statement has been updated in Bank's website https://www.salapabikasbank.com.np

Additional Disclosure as per Securities Registration and Issue regulation, 2073 (Rule 26(1), Annexure 14)

1st Quarter Report Fiscal Year 2083/084

1. Financial Statement

a) Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit and Loss as per Nepal Financial Reporting Standard has been published along with this report.

b) Key financial indicators and ratios

Other operating income3,552,661.183,552,661.1811,005,837.4811,005,837.48
Total operating income19,593,450.1819,593,450.1826,884,853.9126,884,853.91
Impairment charge/(reversal) for loans and other losses16,057,459.4016,057,459.4018,936,641.2218,936,641.22
Net operating income3,535,990.783,535,990.787,948,212.697,948,212.69
Operating expense
Personnel expenses15,223,334.4615,223,334.4612,588,683.8612,588,683.86
Other Operating expenses4,133,254.534,133,254.533,484,340.103,484,340.10
Depreciation and Amortisation1,607,347.071,607,347.071,859,485.831,859,485.83
Operating Profit(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Non Operating Income----
Non operating expense----
Profit before income tax(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Income tax expense----
Current Tax----
Deferred Tax----
Profit/(Loss) for the period(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of comprehensive income

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Particulars Current Year This Quarter Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding Upto this Quarter (YTD)
Profit or loss for the year(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Other comprehensive income
a) Items that will not be reclassified to Profit or loss----
• Gains/(losses) from Investments in equity instruments measured at fair value(10,103,121.02)(10,103,121.02)(4,330,590.39)(4,330,590.39)
• Gains/(losses) on revaluation----
• Actuarial gains/(losses) on defined benefit plans----
• Income tax relating to above items3,030,936.313,030,936.311,299,177.121,299,177.12
Net other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss(7,072,184.71)(7,072,184.71)(3,031,413.27)(3,031,413.27)
b) Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss----
• Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge----
• Exchange gains/(losses) (arising from trasalating financial assets of foreign operation)----
• Income tax relating to above items----
• Reclassify to profit or loss----
Net other comprehensive income that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss----
c) Share of other comprehensive income of associate accounted as per equited method----
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of income tax(7,072,184.71)(7,072,184.71)(3,031,413.27)(3,031,413.27)
Total comprehensive income for the period(24,500,129.99)(24,500,129.99)(13,015,710.37)(13,015,710.37)
Total comprehensive income attributable to:----
Equity holders of the Bank----
Non-controlling interest----
Total comprehensive income for the period----
Earning per share
Basic earning per share-(3.34)-(2.85)
Diluted earning per share-(3.34)-(2.85)
Earnings Per Share-3.34412.40

Net Worth Per Share 98.83 Capital Adequacy Ratio 28.35%

Liquidity Ratio 44.26%

2. Management Analysis

a. During the review period, the Bank continued its efforts to strengthen its financial position through prudent credit management, preservation of capital adequacy, improvement in asset quality, efficient liquidity management, operational cost control and the gradual adoption of digital banking solutions.

b. Deposits have decreased by 0.65% and net loans and advances have increased by 6.13% till the quarter end compared to the immediate previous FY year end Ashadh 2083.

c. Owing difficulties in debt recovery, Non-performing Loans (NPLs) have increased to 5.18% in the quarter end which was at 0.79% in the immediate previous fiscal year end figure.

d. The Bank's strategic direction continues to emphasize sound corporate governance, prudent risk management, diversification of banking products and services, strengthening its market presence, improving operational efficiency and enhancing customer satisfaction under its theme, "Your Easy Financial Partner." The Bank also prioritizes constructive engagement with borrowers and amicable recovery measures to safeguard its financial interests.

3. Details related to Legal Proceedings

a. No information regarding the lawsuit by or against the bank has been filed during the period under review except for the regular cases of debt recovery.

b. No cases have been reported regarding filing by or filed against the promoter or director of the Bank for disobedience of prevailing laws or commission of criminal offence during the period.

c. No cases have been filed against any promoter or director for financial crime.

4. Problems and Challenges

a. Internal

• Expanding banking operations and market coverage in geographically challenging areas.

• Ensuring the continued improvement and sustainability of the Bank's credit portfolio quality.

• Education and training to the employees in the physical presence of subject experts.

• Managing increasing operational expenses, particularly those associated with regulatory compliance, technology and IT infrastructure.

• Difficult to liaison with regulatory bodies due to its geographical location of its Head Office.

b. External

• Slow economic activities arising from prevailing macroeconomic conditions and their impact on the banking and financial sector

• Resistance and undue pressure from unauthorized groups against lawful loan recovery initiatives.

• High liquidity in the money market.

• Continued population outmigration from Khotang District, which affects local economic activities and the potential growth of banking business.

• Threat against Cyber security.

• Threat of Terrorism Financing and Proliferation using banking system.

• Intense competition in the industry.

c. Strategy

• Expansion to the markets with high market potential for banking business.

• Identifying and developing niche market segments to diversify the Bank's customer base and revenue sources.

• Strengthening the Bank's IT systems, legal arrangements and compliance mechanisms to effectively manage operational, regulatory and financial risks, including ML/TF and proliferation financing risks.

• Encouraging the use of digital banking channels and streamlining internal processes through increased digitization.

• Optimum utilization of assets and resources of the bank.

• Strengthen and implement a robust risk management framework.

• Manage credit health through amicable solutions rather to extreme legal procedures.

5. Corporate Governance

The Bank is committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethics, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. The Board of Directors and management continue to ensure adherence to the regulations, directives and guidelines issued by Nepal Rastra Bank and other relevant authorities. The Bank also consistently complies with applicable laws and regulations and strives to align its operations with prevailing industry best practices. The Bank remains committed to strengthening transparency, accountability, risk management and responsible banking practices.

6. CEO Declaration on Accuracy and Integrity of Information

I, CEO of the Bank hereby confirm that the information presented in this document is accurate, complete, and factual to the best of my knowledge. I take full personal responsibility for any discrepancies or omissions. I further affirm that all information disclosed by the Bank, which may influence investor decisions, has been provided transparently and without concealment.

Ratios as per NRB Directives

Particulars Current YearThis Quarter Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year CorrespondingThis Quarter Previous Year Corresponding Upto this Quarter (YTD)
Capital Fund to RWA--

Tier 1 Capital to RWA - 27.22% - 29.54%

CET 1 Capital to RWA - 28.35% - 30.79%

Annualized Return on Equity (ROE)--
Annualized Return on Assets (ROA)--
Non-Performing Loan (NPL) to Total Loan--
Net Non-Performing Loan (NPL) to Total Loan--
Total Loan Loss Provision to Total NPL--
Cost of Funds--
Credit to Deposit Ratio (CD)--
Base Rate--
Interest Rate Spread--

Unaudited Financial Results (Quarterly)

As on Ashoj 31 2083

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As On Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Amount (NPR)

ParticularsThis Quarter EndingImmediate Previous Year Ending
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents309,449,152360,676,420
Due from Nepal Rastra Bank57,150,883126,694,211
Placement with Bank and Financial Institutions--
Derivative Financial Instruments--
Other Trading Assets--
Loans and advances to B/FIs--
Loans and advances to customers1,232,582,4601,154,621,993
Investment securities479,475,638476,873,309
Current tax assets3,086,635-
Investment in subsidiaries--
Investment in associates--
Investment property8,374,4218,374,421
Property and Equipment21,004,45121,996,180
Goodwill and Intangible assets1,880,7991,748,157
Deferred Tax Assets8,203,8495,176,226
Other Assets33,127,16430,364,913
Total Assets2,154,335,4532,186,525,829
Liabilities
Due to Bank and Financial Institutions72,817,74061,710,880
Due to Nepal Ratsra Bank--
Derivative Financial Instrument--
Deposits from customers1,537,654,3541,559,374,282
Borrowings--
Current Tax Liabilities3,148,86865,856
Provisions--
Deferred Tax Liabilities--
Other liabilities24,450,07524,592,210
Debt securities issued--
Subordinated Liabilities--
Total liabilities1,638,071,0371,645,743,228
Equity
Share Capital522,388,000522,388,000
Share Premium--
Retained Earnings(27,989,660.77)(10,561,093.55)
Reserves21,866,07728,955,695
Total equity attributable to equity holders516,264,416540,782,601
Non-controlling interest--
Total Equity516,264,416540,782,601
Total Liabilities and Equity2,154,335,4532,186,525,829
Net Assets Value Per Share98.83103.52

Condensed Statement of Profit and Loss

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Amount (NPR)

Particulars This Quarter Current Year UptoParticulars This Quarter Current Year This Quarter(YTD)Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding UptoPrevious Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter(YTD)
Interest income33,069,529.2633,069,529.2635,163,596.1735,163,596.17
Interest expense18,087,136.3718,087,136.3720,372,172.7620,372,172.76
Net interest income14,982,392.8914,982,392.8914,791,423.4114,791,423.41
Fees and commission income1,058,396.111,058,396.111,087,593.021,087,593.02
Fees and commission expense----
Net fee and commission income1,058,396.111,058,396.111,087,593.021,087,593.02
Net interest and commission income16,040,789.0016,040,789.0015,879,016.4315,879,016.43
Net trading income----

Statement of Distributable Profit or Loss

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

(As per NRB Regulation)

Particulars Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year Corresponding Quarter YTD
Net Profit/(loss) as per Statement of Profit or Loss(17,427,945)(9,984,297)
Appropriation
a. General Reserve--
b. Foreign Exchange Fluctuation fund--
c. Capital redemption reserve--
d. Corporate social responsibility fund--
e. Employees training fund--
f. Other--
Profit/(loss) before regulatory adjustment(17,427,945)(9,984,297)
Regulatory Adjustments:
a. Interest Receivable (-)/previous accrued interest received(+)(1,882,000)-
b. Short loan loss provision in accounts(-)/ reversal(+)--
c. Short provision for possible losses on investment(-)/reversal(+)--
d. Short provision for possible losses on Non-Banking Assets (-)/reversal(+)--
e. Deferred Tax Assets recognized(-)/reversal(+)--
f. Goodwill recognized (-)/Impairment of Goodwill(+)--
g. Bargain purchase gain recognized (-)/reversal(+)--
h. Actuarial Loss recognized (-)/reversal(+)--
i. Other (+/-)--
Total regulatory adjustments(1,882,000)-
Net Profit for the Year End 2082(19,309,945)(9,984,297)
Opening Retained Earning(10,561,094)(9,984,297)
Adjustment (+/-)--
Distribution--
Bonus Share Issued--
Cash Dividend Issued--
Total Distributable Profit or (Loss) as on End Date(29,871,039)(9,984,297)
Annualised Distributable Profit/Loss per Share(5.72)(2.85)

Notes to Interim Financial Statement:

1. The above financial statement has been prepared in accordance with Nepal Financial Reporting Standards (NFRS) in line with NRB Directives. In compliance with NRB's ECL Guidelines, Bank has de-recognized interest income on loans and advances classified as Lifetime ECL under Stage-3.

2. Loans and advances include interest receivable of loans and are presented net of loan impairments.

3. Above figures are subject to change if directed by regulator or external audit.

4. Wherever necessary, figures have been regrouped and rearranged.

5. The interim unaudited financial statement has been updated in Bank's website https://www.salapabikasbank.com.np

Additional Disclosure as per Securities Registration and Issue regulation, 2073 (Rule 26(1), Annexure 14)

1st Quarter Report Fiscal Year 2083/084

1. Financial Statement

a) Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit and Loss as per Nepal Financial Reporting Standard has been published along with this report.

b) Key financial indicators and ratios

Other operating income3,552,661.183,552,661.1811,005,837.4811,005,837.48
Total operating income19,593,450.1819,593,450.1826,884,853.9126,884,853.91
Impairment charge/(reversal) for loans and other losses16,057,459.4016,057,459.4018,936,641.2218,936,641.22
Net operating income3,535,990.783,535,990.787,948,212.697,948,212.69
Operating expense
Personnel expenses15,223,334.4615,223,334.4612,588,683.8612,588,683.86
Other Operating expenses4,133,254.534,133,254.533,484,340.103,484,340.10
Depreciation and Amortisation1,607,347.071,607,347.071,859,485.831,859,485.83
Operating Profit(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Non Operating Income----
Non operating expense----
Profit before income tax(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Income tax expense----
Current Tax----
Deferred Tax----
Profit/(Loss) for the period(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of comprehensive income

For The Quarter End 31 Ashoj 2083

Particulars Current Year This Quarter Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year Corresponding This Quarter Previous Year Corresponding Upto this Quarter (YTD)
Profit or loss for the year(17,427,945.28)(17,427,945.28)(9,984,297.10)(9,984,297.10)
Other comprehensive income
a) Items that will not be reclassified to Profit or loss----
• Gains/(losses) from Investments in equity instruments measured at fair value(10,103,121.02)(10,103,121.02)(4,330,590.39)(4,330,590.39)
• Gains/(losses) on revaluation----
• Actuarial gains/(losses) on defined benefit plans----
• Income tax relating to above items3,030,936.313,030,936.311,299,177.121,299,177.12
Net other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss(7,072,184.71)(7,072,184.71)(3,031,413.27)(3,031,413.27)
b) Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss----
• Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedge----
• Exchange gains/(losses) (arising from trasalating financial assets of foreign operation)----
• Income tax relating to above items----
• Reclassify to profit or loss----
Net other comprehensive income that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss----
c) Share of other comprehensive income of associate accounted as per equited method----
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of income tax(7,072,184.71)(7,072,184.71)(3,031,413.27)(3,031,413.27)
Total comprehensive income for the period(24,500,129.99)(24,500,129.99)(13,015,710.37)(13,015,710.37)
Total comprehensive income attributable to:----
Equity holders of the Bank----
Non-controlling interest----
Total comprehensive income for the period----
Earning per share
Basic earning per share-(3.34)-(2.85)
Diluted earning per share-(3.34)-(2.85)
Earnings Per Share-3.34412.40

Net Worth Per Share 98.83 Capital Adequacy Ratio 28.35%

Liquidity Ratio 44.26%

2. Management Analysis

a. During the review period, the Bank continued its efforts to strengthen its financial position through prudent credit management, preservation of capital adequacy, improvement in asset quality, efficient liquidity management, operational cost control and the gradual adoption of digital banking solutions.

b. Deposits have decreased by 0.65% and net loans and advances have increased by 6.13% till the quarter end compared to the immediate previous FY year end Ashadh 2083.

c. Owing difficulties in debt recovery, Non-performing Loans (NPLs) have increased to 5.18% in the quarter end which was at 0.79% in the immediate previous fiscal year end figure.

d. The Bank's strategic direction continues to emphasize sound corporate governance, prudent risk management, diversification of banking products and services, strengthening its market presence, improving operational efficiency and enhancing customer satisfaction under its theme, "Your Easy Financial Partner." The Bank also prioritizes constructive engagement with borrowers and amicable recovery measures to safeguard its financial interests.

3. Details related to Legal Proceedings

a. No information regarding the lawsuit by or against the bank has been filed during the period under review except for the regular cases of debt recovery.

b. No cases have been reported regarding filing by or filed against the promoter or director of the Bank for disobedience of prevailing laws or commission of criminal offence during the period.

c. No cases have been filed against any promoter or director for financial crime.

4. Problems and Challenges

a. Internal

• Expanding banking operations and market coverage in geographically challenging areas.

• Ensuring the continued improvement and sustainability of the Bank's credit portfolio quality.

• Education and training to the employees in the physical presence of subject experts.

• Managing increasing operational expenses, particularly those associated with regulatory compliance, technology and IT infrastructure.

• Difficult to liaison with regulatory bodies due to its geographical location of its Head Office.

b. External

• Slow economic activities arising from prevailing macroeconomic conditions and their impact on the banking and financial sector

• Resistance and undue pressure from unauthorized groups against lawful loan recovery initiatives.

• High liquidity in the money market.

• Continued population outmigration from Khotang District, which affects local economic activities and the potential growth of banking business.

• Threat against Cyber security.

• Threat of Terrorism Financing and Proliferation using banking system.

• Intense competition in the industry.

c. Strategy

• Expansion to the markets with high market potential for banking business.

• Identifying and developing niche market segments to diversify the Bank's customer base and revenue sources.

• Strengthening the Bank's IT systems, legal arrangements and compliance mechanisms to effectively manage operational, regulatory and financial risks, including ML/TF and proliferation financing risks.

• Encouraging the use of digital banking channels and streamlining internal processes through increased digitization.

• Optimum utilization of assets and resources of the bank.

• Strengthen and implement a robust risk management framework.

• Manage credit health through amicable solutions rather to extreme legal procedures.

5. Corporate Governance

The Bank is committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethics, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. The Board of Directors and management continue to ensure adherence to the regulations, directives and guidelines issued by Nepal Rastra Bank and other relevant authorities. The Bank also consistently complies with applicable laws and regulations and strives to align its operations with prevailing industry best practices. The Bank remains committed to strengthening transparency, accountability, risk management and responsible banking practices.

6. CEO Declaration on Accuracy and Integrity of Information

I, CEO of the Bank hereby confirm that the information presented in this document is accurate, complete, and factual to the best of my knowledge. I take full personal responsibility for any discrepancies or omissions. I further affirm that all information disclosed by the Bank, which may influence investor decisions, has been provided transparently and without concealment.

Ratios as per NRB Directives

Particulars Current YearThis Quarter Current Year Upto this Quarter (YTD) Previous Year CorrespondingThis Quarter Previous Year Corresponding Upto this Quarter (YTD)
Capital Fund to RWA--

Tier 1 Capital to RWA - 27.22% - 29.54%

CET 1 Capital to RWA - 28.35% - 30.79%

Annualized Return on Equity (ROE)--
Annualized Return on Assets (ROA)--
Non-Performing Loan (NPL) to Total Loan--
Net Non-Performing Loan (NPL) to Total Loan--
Total Loan Loss Provision to Total NPL--
Cost of Funds--
Credit to Deposit Ratio (CD)--
Base Rate--
Interest Rate Spread--
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