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  3. New Directive from Nepal Rastra Bank: Significance and Impact of Increasing NDF Investment...
नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकको नयाँ परिपत्र: NDF लगानी सीमा वृद्धिको अर्थ र महत्व
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2 min read
Published on February 26, 2025
Nepsetrading

नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकको नयाँ परिपत्र: NDF लगानी सीमा वृद्धिको अर्थ र महत्वNew Directive from Nepal Rastra Bank: Significance and Impact of Increasing NDF Investment Limit

नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकले जारी गरेको नयाँ परिपत्र अनुसार, नेपालका वित्तीय संस्थाहरूले नन्-डेलिभरेबल फरवार्ड (NDF) मा गर्ने लगानीको सीमा आफ्नो प्राथमिक पुँजी (Core Capital) को १५ प्रतिशतबाट बढाएर २० प्रतिशत पुर्‍याएको छ। यस निर्णयले वित्तीय संस्थाहरूलाई विदेशी मुद्रा जोखिम व्यवस्थापनमा थप लचिलोपन र लगानीको अवसर प्रदान गर्छ।

NDF के हो?

NDF एक प्रकारको वित्तीय डेरिभेटिभ हो, जसमा दुई पक्षबीच भविष्यमा तोकिएको मितिमा तोकिएको विनिमय दरमा मुद्रा आदान-प्रदान गर्ने सम्झौता हुन्छ। यद्यपि, यसमा वास्तविक मुद्रा डेलिभरी नभई नगदमा हिसाब-किताब गरिन्छ। यसले विशेषगरी आयातकर्तालाई अमेरिकी डलर (USD) को भाउमा आउने उतार-चढावबाट जोगिन मद्दत गर्छ।

नयाँ परिपत्रका मुख्य बुँदाहरू:

  1. प्राथमिक पुँजीको सीमा वृद्धि: NDF मा लगानीको सीमा १५% बाट २०% पुर्‍याइएको छ।

  2. लगानीको अवसर: वित्तीय संस्थाहरूले बढी NDF सम्झौता गर्न सक्ने भएकाले उनीहरूको लगानी रणनीति र जोखिम व्यवस्थापनमा सुधार हुनेछ।

  3. विनियमनमा सुधार: यो निर्णयले वित्तीय बजारलाई पारदर्शी र स्थिर बनाउने लक्ष्य राख्छ।

NDF को प्रयोग र महत्व:

नेपालका आयातकर्ताहरूले NDF को प्रयोग गरेर अमेरिकी डलरको अस्थिरताबाट जोगिन सक्छन्। यसले भविष्यको लागत सुनिश्चित गर्न र विनिमय दरको जोखिमबाट बच्न मद्दत पुर्‍याउँछ।

उदाहरण:

मानौं, एक आयातकर्ताले ३ महिनापछि USD ५०,००० को सामान किन्ने योजना बनाएर NDF सम्झौता गर्छ।

  • तोकिएको फर्वार्ड दर: NPR १३५ प्रति USD

  • कुल रकम: USD ५०,०००

  • सेटलमेन्ट मिति: ३ महिनापछि

परिदृश्य १: USD महँगो भयो

३ महिनापछि बजार दर (स्पट दर): NPR १४० प्रति USD
तोकिएको दरमा भुक्तानी: ५०,००० × १३५ = NPR ६७,५०,०००
स्पट दरमा भुक्तानी: ५०,००० × १४० = NPR ७०,००,०००
अन्तर: NPR २,५०,००० (NDF प्रदायकले आयातकर्तालाई तिर्छ)
यसले आयातकर्तालाई महँगो दरबाट जोगाउँछ।

परिदृश्य २: USD सस्तो भयो

३ महिनापछि स्पट दर: NPR १३० प्रति USD
तोकिएको दरमा भुक्तानी: ५०,००० × १३५ = NPR ६७,५०,०००
स्पट दरमा भुक्तानी: ५०,००० × १३० = NPR ६५,००,०००
अन्तर: NPR २,५०,००० (आयातकर्ताले NDF प्रदायकलाई तिर्छ)
यस अवस्थामा आयातकर्ताले सस्तो बजार दरको फाइदा लिन सक्दैन।

कसले बेहोर्छ जोखिम?

  • USD महँगो भएमा: NDF प्रदायक (बैंक) ले जोखिम बेहोर्छ।

  • USD सस्तो भएमा: आयातकर्ताले जोखिम बेहोर्छ।

NDF को प्रयोग किन बढ्यो?

  1. लागत सुनिश्चितता: आयातकर्ताले भविष्यको खर्च पहिल्यै योजना गर्न सक्छन्।

  2. जोखिम न्यूनीकरण: विनिमय दरको उतार-चढावबाट जोगिन्छ।

  3. बजार स्थिरता: मूल्य निर्धारण र नाफा-नोक्सानको योजना गर्न सहज हुन्छ।

सीमा किन बढाइयो?

  1. बढ्दो माग: हालको विदेशी मुद्रा बजारको अस्थिरताले NDF को माग बढाएको छ।

  2. संस्थागत क्षमता: वित्तीय संस्थाहरूलाई थप सम्झौता गर्न सक्षम बनाउन।

  3. बजार स्थिरता: NDF को प्रयोगले विदेशी मुद्रा बजारमा सन्तुलन कायम गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।

विश्लेषकहरूको भनाइ:

वित्तीय विश्लेषकहरूका अनुसार, USD मा निर्भर आयातकर्ताहरूले NDF बाट ठूलो लाभ लिएका छन्। नेपाल राष्ट्र बैंकका प्रवक्ताले यो निर्णयले बजारमा लचिलोपन र अर्थतन्त्रको सुदृढीकरणमा योगदान गर्ने बताएका छन्।

निष्कर्ष:

NDF लगानी सीमा १५% बाट २०% पुर्‍याउने निर्णयले नेपालका वित्तीय संस्थाहरूलाई थप लचिलोपन र लगानी अवसर प्रदान गर्छ। यसले आयातकर्ताहरूलाई मुद्रा जोखिमबाट जोगाउँदै विदेशी मुद्रा बजारलाई स्थिर र पारदर्शी बनाउन सहयोग गर्नेछ। आगामी दिनमा यसको प्रभाव अझ व्यापक हुने अपेक्षा छ।

The Nepal Rastra Bank has issued a new directive, increasing the investment limit for Non-Deliverable Forwards (NDF) from 15% to 20% of the core capital of financial institutions. This decision provides financial institutions with greater flexibility and investment opportunities in managing foreign exchange risks.

What is NDF?

NDF is a type of financial derivative in which two parties agree to exchange currencies at a specified exchange rate on a future date. However, instead of exchanging the actual currency, the settlement is made in cash. This helps importers protect themselves against fluctuations in the exchange rate of the US Dollar (USD).

Key Points of the New Directive:

  1. Increase in Core Capital Limit: The investment limit in NDF has been raised from 15% to 20%.

  2. Investment Opportunities: Financial institutions can now enter into more NDF contracts, improving their investment strategies and risk management.

  3. Regulation Improvement: This decision aims to enhance transparency and stability in the financial market.

Usage and Importance of NDF:

Nepali importers can use NDF to protect themselves from fluctuations in the USD exchange rate. It helps them secure future costs and avoid exchange rate risks.

Example:

Suppose an importer plans to purchase goods worth USD 50,000 in three months and enters into an NDF contract.

  • Agreed Forward Rate: NPR 135 per USD

  • Total Amount: USD 50,000

  • Settlement Date: 3 months later

Scenario 1: USD Becomes More Expensive

After 3 months, the spot rate (market rate) is NPR 140 per USD.

  • Payment at the agreed rate: 50,000 × 135 = NPR 6,750,000

  • Payment at the spot rate: 50,000 × 140 = NPR 7,000,000

  • Difference: NPR 250,000 (The NDF provider pays this amount to the importer)

In this case, the importer avoids paying the higher market rate.

Scenario 2: USD Becomes Cheaper

After 3 months, the spot rate is NPR 130 per USD.

  • Payment at the agreed rate: 50,000 × 135 = NPR 6,750,000

  • Payment at the spot rate: 50,000 × 130 = NPR 6,500,000

  • Difference: NPR 250,000 (The importer pays this amount to the NDF provider)

In this case, the importer misses the opportunity to benefit from a cheaper market rate.

Who Bears the Risk?

  • If USD becomes more expensive: The NDF provider (bank) bears the risk.

  • If USD becomes cheaper: The importer bears the risk.

Why Has the Use of NDF Increased?

  1. Cost Assurance: Importers can plan their future expenses in advance.

  2. Risk Reduction: It helps protect against exchange rate fluctuations.

  3. Market Stability: It makes it easier to plan for pricing and profit/loss scenarios.

Why Was the Limit Increased?

  1. Growing Demand: The instability in the foreign exchange market has increased the demand for NDF.

  2. Institutional Capacity: Financial institutions are now capable of handling more NDF contracts.

  3. Market Stability: The use of NDF will help maintain balance in the foreign exchange market.

Analysts' Opinion:

According to financial analysts, importers who rely on USD have benefited significantly from using NDF. A spokesperson for Nepal Rastra Bank stated that this decision would contribute to greater market flexibility and strengthen the economy.

Conclusion:

The increase in the NDF investment limit from 15% to 20% provides financial institutions with more flexibility and investment opportunities. It will help protect importers from currency risk while contributing to a more stable and transparent foreign exchange market. The impact of this decision is expected to expand further in the future.

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